J Korean Diabetes.  2015 Mar;16(1):33-37. 10.4093/jkd.2015.16.1.33.

Enteral Nutrition Strategies for Achieving Glycemic Control in the Critical Care Setting

Affiliations
  • 1Dietetics and Nutrition Services Team, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. lym@amc.seoul.kr

Abstract

Global guidelines recommend that enteral nutrition (EN) via tube feeding be used in place of parenteral nutritional support whenever possible and that EN be started as early as possible. However, hyperglycemia is frequent occurrence in critically ill patients who receive nutritional support. As specific EN recommendations for blood glucose control in intensive care units are not yet available, and thus further investigation of EN safety is needed through continuous monitoring and re-evaluation.

Keyword

Blood glucose; Enteral nutrition; Intensive care units

MeSH Terms

Blood Glucose
Critical Care*
Critical Illness
Enteral Nutrition*
Humans
Hyperglycemia
Intensive Care Units
Nutritional Support
Blood Glucose

Reference

References

1. Gramlich L, Kichian K, Pinilla J, Rodych NJ, Dhaliwal R, Heyland DK. Does enteral nutrition compared to parenteral nutrition result in better outcomes in critically ill adult patients? A systematic review of the literature. Nutrition. 2004; 20:843–8.
Article
2. Singer P, Hiesmayr M, Biolo G, Felbinger TW, Berger MM, Goeters C, Kondrup J, Wunder C, Pichard C. Pragmatic approach to nutrition in the ICU: expert opinion regarding which calorie protein target. Clin Nutr. 2014; 33:246–51.
Article
3. Pancorbo-Hidalgo PL, García-Fernandez FP, Ramírez-Pérez C. Complications associated with enteral nutrition by nasogastric tube in an internal medicine unit. J Clin Nurs. 2001; 10:482–90.
Article
4. NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators. Finfer S, Liu B, Chittock DR, Norton R, Myburgh JA, McArthur C, Mitchell I, Foster D, Dhingra V, Henderson WR, Ronco JJ, Bellomo R, Cook D, McDonald E, Dodek P, Hébert PC, Heyland DK, Robinson BG. Hypoglycemia and risk of death in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2012; 367:1108–18.
Article
5. Umpierrez GE, Isaacs SD, Bazargan N, You X, Thaler LM, Kitabchi AE. Hyperglycemia: an independent marker of in-hospital mortality in patients with undiagnosed diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002; 87:978–82.
Article
6. McClave SA, Martindale RG, Vanek VW, McCarthy M, Roberts P, Taylor B, Ochoa JB, Napolitano L, Cresci G. A.S.P.E.N. Board of Directors; American College of Critical Care Medicine; Society of Critical Care Medicine. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2009; 33:277–316.
7. McMahon MM, Nystrom E, Braunschweig C, Miles J, Compher C. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Board of Directors; American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. A.S.P.E.N. clinical guidelines: nutrition support of adult patients with hyperglycemia. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2013; 37:23–36.
8. Kreymann KG, Berger MM, Deutz NE, Hiesmayr M, Jolliet P, Kazandjiev G, Nitenberg G, van den Berghe G, Wernerman J. DGEM (German Society for Nutritional Medicine), Ebner C, Hartl W, Heymann C, Spies C; ESPEN (European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition). ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: intensive care. Clin Nutr. 2006; 25:210–23.
Article
9. Heyland DK, Dhaliwal R, Drover JW, Gramlich L, Dodek P. Canadian Critical Care Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2003; 27:355–73.
Article
10. Bankhead R, Boullata J, Brantley S, Corkins M, Guenter P, Krenitsky J, Lyman B, Metheny NA, Mueller C, Robbins S, Wessel J. A.S.P.E.N. Board of Directors. Enteral nutrition practice recommendations. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2009; 33:122–67.
11. White JV, Guenter P, Jensen G, Malone A, Schofield M. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Malnutrition Work Group; A.S.P.E.N. Malnutrition Task Force; A.S.P.E.N. Board of Directors. Consensus statement of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: characteristics recommended for the identification and documentation of adult malnutrition (undernutrition). J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012; 112:730–8.
12. Craig LD, Nicholson S, SilVerstone FA, Kennedy RD. Use of a reduced-carbohydrate, modified-fat enteral formula for improving metabolic control and clinical outcomes in longterm care residents with type 2 diabetes: results of a pilot trial. Nutrition. 1998; 14:529–34.
Article
13. Ceriello A, Lansink M, Rouws CH, van Laere KM, Frost GS. Administration of a new diabetes-specific enteral formula results in an improved 24h glucose profile in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2009; 84:259–66.
Article
14. Elia M, Ceriello A, Laube H, Sinclair AJ, Engfer M, Stratton RJ. Enteral nutritional support and use of diabetes-specific formulas for patients with diabetes: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Diabetes Care. 2005; 28:2267–79.
15. Mesejo A, Acosta JA, Ortega C, Vila J, Fernández M, Ferreres J, Sanchis JC, López F. Comparison of a high-protein disease-specific enteral formula with a high-protein enteral formula in hyperglycemic critically ill patients. Clin Nutr. 2003; 22:295–305.
Article
16. Binnekade JM, Tepaske R, Bruynzeel P, Mathus-Vliegen EM, de Hann RJ. Daily enteral feeding practice on the ICU: attainment of goals and interfering factors. Crit Care. 2005; 9:R218–25.
Full Text Links
  • JKD
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr