Yonsei Med J.  2007 Dec;48(6):901-926. 10.3349/ymj.2007.48.6.901.

Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Vascular Ischemic (Occlusive) Diseases: An Overview

• Atanassova PA

• KMID: 1786204
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2007.48.6.901

Abstract

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is primarily considered to be an autoimmune pathological condition that is also referred to as "Hughes syndrome". It is characterized by arterial and/or venous thrombosis and pregnancy pathologies in the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies and/or lupus anticoagulant. APS can occur either as a primary disease or secondary to a connective tissue disorder, most frequently systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Damage to the nervous system is one of the most prominent clinical constellations of sequelae in APS and includes (i) arterial/ venous thrombotic events, (ii) psychiatric features and (iii) other non- thrombotic neurological syndromes. In this overview we compare the most important vascular ischemic (occlusive) disturbances (VIOD) with neuro-psychiatric symptomatics, together with complete, updated classifications and hypotheses for the etio-pathogenesis of APS with underlying clinical and laboratory criteria for optimal diagnosis and disease management.

Keyword

Antiphospholipid syndrome; antiphospholipid antibodies; ischemic; occlusive; neurological; classifications; etio-pathogenesis; criteria

MeSH Terms

Antibodies, Antiphospholipid/immunology
Antiphospholipid Syndrome/diagnosis/*immunology/therapy
Arterial Occlusive Diseases/diagnosis/*immunology/therapy
Cerebrovascular Disorders/diagnosis/immunology/therapy
Humans
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis/immunology/therapy

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Therapeutic approach to catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS). With modifications from Panchovska M., Atanassova P., Despotova L. Therapeutic strategy in antiphospholipid syndrome. Rheumatology (Sofia) 2005;13;7-13 (in Bulgarian) as based on the paper by Asherson RA. The catastrophic antiphospholipid (Asherson's) syndrome in 2004 - a review. Autoimmunity Reviews 2005;4:48-54.

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