Endocrinol Metab.  2024 Apr;39(2):206-221. 10.3803/EnM.2024.1940.

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Based Therapies: A New Horizon in Obesity Management

• Son JW
• Lim S

• KMID: 2554626
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.1940

Abstract

Obesity is a significant risk factor for health issues like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It often proves resistant to traditional lifestyle interventions, prompting a need for more precise therapeutic strategies. This has led to a focus on signaling pathways and neuroendocrine mechanisms to develop targeted obesity treatments. Recent developments in obesity management have been revolutionized by introducing novel glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) based drugs, such as semaglutide and tirzepatide. These drugs are part of an emerging class of nutrient-stimulated hormone-based therapeutics, acting as incretin mimetics to target G-protein–coupled receptors like GLP-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon. These receptors are vital in regulating body fat and energy balance. The development of multiagonists, including GLP-1–glucagon and GIP–GLP-1–glucagon receptor agonists, especially with the potential for glucagon receptor activation, marks a significant advancement in the field. This review covers the development and clinical efficacy of various GLP-1-based therapeutics, exploring the challenges and future directions in obesity management.

Keyword

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; Glucagon; Multiagonist; Obesity