Tissue Eng Regen Med.  2024 Jan;21(1):1-19. 10.1007/s13770-023-00610-4.

Engineering of Cell Derived-Nanovesicle as an Alternative to Exosome Therapy

• Jang HJ
• Shim KS
• Lee J
• Park JH
• Kang SJ
• Shin YM
• Lee JB
• Baek W
• Yoon JK

• KMID: 2550729
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-023-00610-4

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Exosomes, nano-sized vesicles ranging between 30 and 150 nm secreted by human cells, play a pivotal role in long-range intercellular communication and have attracted significant attention in the field of regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, their limited productivity and cost-effectiveness pose challenges for clinical applications. These issues have recently been addressed by cell-derived nanovesicles (CDNs), which are physically synthesized exosome-mimetic nanovesicles from parent cells, as a promising alternative to exosomes. CDNs exhibit structural, physical, and biological properties similar to exosomes, containing intracellular protein and genetic components encapsulated by the cell plasma membrane. These characteristics allow CDNs to be used as regenerative medicine and therapeutics on their own, or as a drug delivery system.
METHODS
The paper reviews diverse methods for CDN synthesis, current analysis techniques, and presents engineering strategies to improve lesion targeting efficiency and/or therapeutic efficacy.
RESULTS
CDNs, with their properties similar to those of exosomes, offer a cost-effective and highly productive alternative due to their non-living biomaterial nature, nano-size, and readiness for use, allowing them to overcome several limitations of conventional cell therapy methods.
CONCLUSION
Ongoing research and enhancement of CDNs engineering, along with comprehensive safety assessments and stability analysis, exhibit vast potential to advance regenerative medicine by enabling the development of efficient therapeutic interventions.

Keyword

Cell-derived nanovesicles; Drug delivery; Exosomes; Regenerative medicine