2. Wu Y, Ding Y, Tanaka Y, Zhang W. 2014; Risk factors contributing to type 2 diabetes and recent advances in the treatment and prevention. Int J Med Sci. 11:1185–1200. DOI:
10.7150/ijms.10001. PMID:
25249787. PMCID:
PMC4166864.
3. Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S, Pinkepank M, Ogurtsova K, Duncan BB, Stein C, Basit A, Chan JCN, Mbanya JC, Pavkov ME, Ramachandaran A, Wild SH, James S, Herman WH, Zhang P, Bommer C, Kuo S, Boyko EJ, Magliano DJ. 2022; IDF Diabetes Atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 183:109119. DOI:
10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109119. PMID:
34879977.
4. Landgraf R, Aberle J, Birkenfeld AL, Gallwitz B, Kellerer M, Klein H, Müller-Wieland D, Nauck MA, Reuter HM, Siegel E. 2019; Therapy of type 2 diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 127:S73–S92. DOI:
10.1055/a-1018-9106. PMID:
31860927.
5. Brunkwall L, Orho-Melander M. 2017; The gut microbiome as a target for prevention and treatment of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: from current human evidence to future possibilities. Diabetologia. 60:943–951. DOI:
10.1007/s00125-017-4278-3. PMID:
28434033. PMCID:
PMC5423958.
6. de Almeida Duarte JB, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Nascimento M, Nochi RJ Jr. 2004; Bacterial translocation in experimental uremia. Urol Res. 32:266–270. DOI:
10.1007/s00240-003-0381-7. PMID:
15497213.
7. Gonçalves S, Pecoits-Filho R, Perreto S, Barberato SH, Stinghen AE, Lima EG, Fuerbringer R, Sauthier SM, Riella MC. 2006; Associations between renal function, volume status and endotoxaemia in chronic kidney disease patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 21:2788–2794. DOI:
10.1093/ndt/gfl273. PMID:
16861246.
8. Magnusson M, Magnusson KE, Sundqvist T, Denneberg T. 1991; Impaired intestinal barrier function measured by differently sized polyethylene glycols in patients with chronic renal failure. Gut. 32:754–759. DOI:
10.1136/gut.32.7.754. PMID:
1855681. PMCID:
PMC1378990.
9. Dalile B, Van Oudenhove L, Vervliet B, Verbeke K. 2019; The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota-gut-brain communication. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 16:461–478. DOI:
10.1038/s41575-019-0157-3. PMID:
31123355.
10. Blaak EE, Canfora EE, Theis S, Frost G, Groen AK, Mithieux G, Nauta A, Scott K, Stahl B, van Harsselaar J, van Tol R, Vaughan EE, Verbeke K. 2020; Short chain fatty acids in human gut and metabolic health. Benef Microbes. 11:411–455. DOI:
10.3920/BM2020.0057. PMID:
32865024.
11. Gowd V, Xie L, Zheng X, Chen W. 2019; Dietary fibers as emerging nutritional factors against diabetes: focus on the involvement of gut microbiota. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 39:524–540. DOI:
10.1080/07388551.2019.1576025. PMID:
30810398.
12. Ratajczak W, Rył A, Mizerski A, Walczakiewicz K, Sipak O, Laszczyńska M. 2019; Immunomodulatory potential of gut microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Acta Biochim Pol. 66:1–12. DOI:
10.18388/abp.2018_2648. PMID:
30831575.
13. Zhao L, Zhang F, Ding X, Wu G, Lam YY, Wang X, Fu H, Xue X, Lu C, Ma J, Yu L, Xu C, Ren Z, Xu Y, Xu S, Shen H, Zhu X, Shi Y, Shen Q, Dong W, et al. 2018; Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes. Science. 359:1151–1156. DOI:
10.1126/science.aao5774. PMID:
29590046.
14. Parada Venegas D, De la Fuente MK, Landskron G, González MJ, Quera R, Dijkstra G, Harmsen HJM, Faber KN, Hermoso MA. 2019; Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)-mediated gut epithelial and immune regulation and its relevance for inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Immunol. 10:277. Erratum in:
Front Immunol. 2019;10: 1486. DOI:
10.3389/fimmu.2019.01486. PMID:
31316522. PMCID:
PMC6611342. PMID:
a9169df15629429c9d20f7960e3fbb21.
15. Sharifi-Rad M, Varoni EM, Iriti M, Martorell M, Setzer WN, Del Mar Contreras M, Salehi B, Soltani-Nejad A, Rajabi S, Tajbakhsh M, Sharifi-Rad J. 2018; Carvacrol and human health: a comprehensive review. Phytother Res. 32:1675–1687. DOI:
10.1002/ptr.6103. PMID:
29744941.
16. Zhao W, Deng C, Han Q, Xu H, Chen Y. 2020; Carvacrol may alleviate vascular inflammation in diabetic db/db mice. Int J Mol Med. 46:977–988. Erratum in:
Int J Mol Med. 2023;52:90. DOI:
10.3892/ijmm.2020.4654. PMID:
32583003. PMCID:
PMC7388828.
17. Bayramoglu G, Senturk H, Bayramoglu A, Uyanoglu M, Colak S, Ozmen A, Kolankaya D. 2014; Carvacrol partially reverses symptoms of diabetes in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Cytotechnology. 66:251–257. DOI:
10.1007/s10616-013-9563-5. PMID:
23579248. PMCID:
PMC3918264.
18. Bajagai YS, Petranyi F, J Yu S, Lobo E, Batacan R Jr, Kayal A, Horyanto D, Ren X, M Whitton M, Stanley D. 2022; Phytogenic supplement containing menthol, carvacrol and carvone ameliorates gut microbiota and production performance of commercial layers. Sci Rep. 12:11033. DOI:
10.1038/s41598-022-14925-0. PMID:
35773309. PMCID:
PMC9246849. PMID:
036b1d04b47b4e7396149427618d0108.
19. Zeng Z, Guo X, Zhang J, Yuan Q, Chen S. 2021;
Lactobacillus paracasei modulates the gut microbiota and improves inflammation in type 2 diabetic rats. Food Funct. 12:6809–6820. DOI:
10.1039/D1FO00515D. PMID:
34113945.
20. Rakoff-Nahoum S, Paglino J, Eslami-Varzaneh F, Edberg S, Medzhitov R. 2004; Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis. Cell. 118:229–241. DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.002. PMID:
15260992.
21. Xiao S, Liu C, Chen M, Zou J, Zhang Z, Cui X, Jiang S, Shang E, Qian D, Duan J. 2020; Scutellariae radix and coptidis rhizoma ameliorate glycolipid metabolism of type 2 diabetic rats by modulating gut microbiota and its metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 104:303–317. DOI:
10.1007/s00253-019-10174-w. PMID:
31758238.
22. Li R, Ye Z, She D, Fang P, Zong G, Hu K, Kong D, Xu W, Li L, Zhou Y, Zhang K, Xue Y. 2022; Semaglutide may alleviate hepatic steatosis in T2DM combined with NFALD mice via miR-5120/ABHD6. Drug Des Devel Ther. 16:3557–3572. DOI:
10.2147/DDDT.S384884. PMID:
36238196. PMCID:
PMC9553160.
23. Li M, van Esch BCAM, Henricks PAJ, Folkerts G, Garssen J. 2018; The anti-inflammatory effects of short chain fatty acids on lipopolysaccharide- or tumor necrosis factor α-stimulated endothelial cells via activation of GPR41/43 and inhibition of HDACs. Front Pharmacol. 9:533. DOI:
10.3389/fphar.2018.00533. PMID:
29875665. PMCID:
PMC5974203. PMID:
a1f4016aed6c4578972d7f5803470619.
24. Ortiz-Martínez M, González-González M, Martagón AJ, Hlavinka V, Willson RC, Rito-Palomares M. 2022; Recent developments in biomarkers for diagnosis and screening of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Diab Rep. 22:95–115. DOI:
10.1007/s11892-022-01453-4. PMID:
35267140. PMCID:
PMC8907395.
25. He L, Yang FQ, Tang P, Gao TH, Yang CX, Tan L, Yue P, Hua YN, Liu SJ, Guo JL. 2022; Regulation of the intestinal flora: a potential mechanism of natural medicines in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. . Biomed Pharmacother. 151:113091. DOI:
10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113091. PMID:
35576662.
29. Soremekun O, Karhunen V, He Y, Rajasundaram S, Liu B, Gkatzionis A, Soremekun C, Udosen B, Musa H, Silva S, Kintu C, Mayanja R, Nakabuye M, Machipisa T, Mason A, Vujkovic M, Zuber V, Soliman M, Mugisha J, Nash O, et al. 2022; Lipid traits and type 2 diabetes risk in African ancestry individuals: a Mendelian Randomization study. EBioMedicine. 78:103953. DOI:
10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103953. PMID:
35325778. PMCID:
PMC8941323.
31. Zhao W, Chen L, Zhou H, Deng C, Han Q, Chen Y, Wu Q, Li S. 2021; Protective effect of carvacrol on liver injury in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Mol Med Rep. 24:741. DOI:
10.3892/mmr.2021.12381. PMID:
34435648. PMCID:
PMC8430346.
32. Hadi A, Arab A, Hajianfar H, Talaei B, Miraghajani M, Babajafari S, Marx W, Tavakoly R. 2020; The effect of fenugreek seed supplementation on serum irisin levels, blood pressure, and liver and kidney function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a parallel randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 49:102315. DOI:
10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102315. PMID:
32147060.
33. Zhou N, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Ning Y. 2022; Protective effects of black onion polysaccharide on liver and kidney injury in T2DM rats through the synergistic impact of hypolipidemic and antioxidant abilities. Int J Biol Macromol. 223:378–390. DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.055. PMID:
36368355.
34. Li L, Li Y, Luo J, Jiang Y, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Huang Q, Zhang L, Wu T, Pang J. 2021; Resveratrol, a novel inhibitor of GLUT9, ameliorates liver and kidney injuries in a D-galactose-induced ageing mouse model
via the regulation of uric acid metabolism. Food Funct. 12:8274–8287. DOI:
10.1039/D1FO00538C. PMID:
34180933.
35. Sampath Kumar A, Maiya AG, Shastry BA, Vaishali K, Ravishankar N, Hazari A, Gundmi S, Jadhav R. 2019; Exercise and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 62:98–103. DOI:
10.1016/j.rehab.2018.11.001. PMID:
30553010.
36. Medler S, Harrington F. 2013; Measuring dynamic kidney function in an undergraduate physiology laboratory. Adv Physiol Educ. 37:384–391. DOI:
10.1152/advan.00057.2013. PMID:
24292917.
37. Najafizadeh A, Kaeidi A, Rahmani M, Hakimizadeh E, Hassanshahi J. 2022; The protective effect of carvacrol on acetaminophen-induced renal damage in male rats. Mol Biol Rep. 49:1763–1771. DOI:
10.1007/s11033-021-06985-8. PMID:
35020122.