Osteoporos Sarcopenia.  2022 Jun;8(2):35-57. 10.1016/j.afos.2022.04.001.

South Asian Working Action Group on SARCOpenia (SWAG-SARCO) e A consensus document

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India
  • 2Department of Endocrinology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
  • 3Non Communicable Disease Unit, The Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • 4Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
  • 5Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 6Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • 7Department of Geriatric Medicine AIIMS New Delhi, India
  • 8Department of Medicine, Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 9Department of Internal Medicine, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 10Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
  • 11Flacq Hospital, Central Flacq, Mauritius
  • 12Department of Geriatric Medicine, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
  • 13Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes, Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kabul, Afghanistan
  • 14Geriatric Division of Internal Medicine Department, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
  • 15Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Grande International Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • 16Department of Endocrinology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
  • 17Diabetes and Endocrine Unit, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, 10, Sri Lanka
  • 18Department of Internal Medicine, Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Maldives
  • 19Department of Gastroenterology, Jigme Dorji Wangchuk National Referral Hospital, Thimpu, Bhutan
  • 20Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India

Abstract

The South Asian population is rapidly ageing and sarcopenia is likely to become a huge burden in this region if proper action is not taken in time. Several sarcopenia guidelines are available, from the western world and from East Asia. However, these guidelines are not fully relevant for the South Asian healthcare ecosystem. South Asia is ethnically, culturally, and phenotypically unique. Additionally, the region is seeing an increase in non-communicable lifestyle disease and obesity. Both these conditions can lead to sarcopenia. However, secondary sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are either not dealt with in detail or are missing in other guidelines. Hence, we present a consensus on the screening, diagnosis and management of sarcopenia, which addresses the gaps in the current guidelines. This South Asian consensus gives equal importance to muscle function, muscle strength, and muscle mass; provides cost-effective clinical and easy to implement solutions; highlights secondary sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity; lists commonly used biomarkers; reminds us that osteo-arthro-muscular triad should be seen as a single entity to address sarcopenia; stresses on prevention over treatment; and prioritizes nonpharmacological over pharmacological management. As literature is scarce from this region, the authors call for more South Asian research guided interventions.

Keyword

Sarcopenia; Sarcopenic obesity; Guidelines; Secondary sarcopenia; South Asian; Body composition
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