J Nutr Health.  2022 Feb;55(1):155-173. 10.4163/jnh.2022.55.1.155.

Revision of Nutrition Quotient for Elderly in assessment of dietary quality and behavior

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea
  • 2Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
  • 3Major of Foodservice Management and Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
  • 4Department of Food and Nutrition, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea
  • 5Department of Food and Nutrition, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
  • 6Department of Statistics, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Korea
  • 7Department of Food and Nutrition, Yongin University, Yongin 17092, Korea

Abstract

Purpose
This study was undertaken to update the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E), which reflects dietary quality and behavior among Korean older adults.
Methods
The first 29 items of the measurable food behavior checklist were obtained from a previous NQ-E checklist, recent literature reviews, and national nutrition policies and recommendations. One-hundred subjects (50 men and 50 women) aged ≥ 65 years living in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, including Gyeonggi Province, completed a pilot survey from March to April 2021. Based on the results of the pilot study, we conducted factor analysis and frequency analysis to determine whether the items of the survey were properly organized and whether the distribution of answers for each evaluation item was properly distributed. As a result, we reduced the number of items on the food behavior checklist and used 23 items for the national survey. Nationwide, 1,000 subjects (472 men and 528 women) aged > 65 years, completed the checklist survey, which was applied using a face-to-face survey method from May to August 2021. The construct validity of the NQ-E 2021 was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, LISREL.
Results
Seventeen food behavior checklist items were selected for the final NQ-E 2021. Checklist items addressed three factors: balance (8 items), moderation (2 items), and practice (7 items). Standardized path coefficients were used as the weights of items to determine nutrition quotients. NQ-E and three-factor scores were calculated according to the weights of questionnaire items.
Conclusion
The updated NQ-E 2021 produced by structural equation modelling provides a suitable tool for assessing the dietary quality and behavior of Korean older adults.

Keyword

diet; nutritive value; aged; eating; behavior
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