Korean J Sports Med.  2022 Mar;40(1):39-48. 10.5763/kjsm.2022.40.1.39.

Development and Cross-Validation of Non-exercise–based Prediction Equations for Estimating Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Korean College Students

• Lee I
• Han K
• Song M
• Kang H

• KMID: 2526687
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5763/kjsm.2022.40.1.39

Abstract

Purpose
Non-exercise-based estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) is not available for Korean young adults. This study was to develop an eCRF regression equation and to validate its accuracy in Korean college students.
Methods
Subjects were undergraduate students (n=1,319; female, 219) who participated in the assessment of physical fitness and risk factors at our institute. Using a random sampling method, 70% of the subjects were selected and used to develop prediction equations for estimating CRF, and 30% of the subjects were used to verify the accuracy of the equations for CRF. Body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, waist circumference (WC), physical activity, smoking, and resting heart rate were measured as covariates. CRF was assessed as minute volume of maximal oxygen consumption (VO _2max) with a graded exercise test. Prediction equations for CRF were derived using stepwise linear regressions. The differences between measured and estimated VO _2max values were verified by using paired t-test and Bland-Altman plots.
Results
The coefficients of determination (R² ) of BMI, % body fat, and WC-based regression models were 0.502, 0.514, and 0.518, respectively. The standard errors of estimate for BMI, % body fat, and WC regression models were 5.55, 5.48, and 5.46, respectively. In the validation study, no significant differences between estimated and measured VO _2max values were found in BMI (p=0.971), % body fat (p=0.877), and WC (p=0.817)-based regression models.
Conclusion
The current findings of the study suggest that CRF can be estimated from non-exercise healthrelated parameters with an acceptable accuracy in Korean college students.

Keyword

Cardiorespiratory fitness; Physical activity; Prediction; Accuracy; Young adults

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Scatter plots for correlation between measured and estimated volume of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). (A) Body mass index model, (B) % body fat model, and (C) waist circumference model using the derivation subjects.

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  Fig. 2 Bland-Altman plots for comparing measured and estimated volume of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). (A) Body mass index model, (B) % body fat model, and (C) waist circumference model using the cross-validation set. SD: standard deviation.

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