Korean J Orthod.  2021 Nov;51(6):366-374. 10.4041/kjod.2021.51.6.366.

Impact of piezocision on orthodontic tooth movement

• Papadopoulos N
• Beindorff N
• Hoffmann S
• Jost-Brinkmann PG
• Präger TM

• KMID: 2522499
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2021.51.6.366

Abstract

Objective
This study investigated the impact of a single piezocision in the maxillary alveolar process on the speed of tooth movement. The null hypothesis was that the speed of tooth movement will be equal with and without piezocision.
Methods
All maxillary molars on one side were moved against the combined incisors in 10 ten-week-old male Wistar rats. Under general anesthesia, a force of 25 cN was applied on either side using a Sentalloy closed coil spring. After placing the orthodontic appliance, vertical corticision was performed using a piezotome under local anesthesia, 2 mm mesial from the mesial root of the first molar on a randomly selected side; the other side served as the control. At the beginning of the treatment, and 2 and 4 weeks later, skull micro-computed tomography was performed. After image reconstruction, the distance between the mesial root of the first molar and the incisive canal, and the length of the mesial root of the first maxillary molar were measured. Moreover, the root resorption score was determined as described by Lu et al.
Results
Significantly higher speed of tooth movement was observed on the corticision side; thus, the null hypothesis was rejected. The loss of root length and root resorption score were significantly more pronounced after piezocision than before. A strong correlation was observed between the speed of tooth movement and root resorption on the surgical side, but the control side only showed a weak correlation.
Conclusions
Piezocision accelerates orthodontic tooth movement and causes increased root resorption.

Keyword

Orthodontic tooth movement; Micro-computed tomography; Piezocision; Root resorption

Figure

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  Figure 1 Orthodontic appliance consisting of wire ligatures embedded in composite resin and a coil spring placed between the three molars of one side and both the incisors. The piezocision cut is depicted in red, and is placed 2 mm mesial from the mesial root of the first molar. The area inside the circle is investigated for root resorption.

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  Figure 2 The NanoSPECT/CTplus scanner (Mediso Medical Imaging Systems, Budapest, Hungary) used for in vivo imaging.

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  Figure 3 Reconstructed micro-computed tomography image for measuring the distance between the incisive canal and the apex of the mesial root of the first molar (red arrow).

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  Figure 4 Measuring the root length of the mesial root of the first molar from the trifurcation to the apex in the axial plane (yellow arrow).

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  Figure 5 Hematoxylin-eosin-stained specimen of the mesial root of the first maxillary molar. The arrows display areas with root resorption on the mesial side of the root.

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