Korean J Sports Med.  2021 Jun;39(2):60-67. 10.5763/kjsm.2021.39.2.60.

The Association between the Levels of Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Obesity in Korean Older Adults

• Son N
• Sung H
• Kim Y

• KMID: 2516231
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5763/kjsm.2021.39.2.60

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the levels of sedentary time, physical activity, and obesity in Korean older adults.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was performed on 1,396 Korean older adults aged 65 to 80 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018. Complex samples logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between the levels of sedentary time, physical activity, and obesity.
Results
The high sedentary group (≥ 8 hours/day) had significantly greater odds of having obesity than the low sedentary group (＜ 8 hours/day). But there was no statistically significant difference in odds of having obesity between the high active group (≥ 600 metabolic equivalent of task [MET]-minute/week) and the low active group (＜ 600 MET-minute/week). The high sedentary/low active group had significantly greater odds of having obesity than the low sedentary/high active group and the low sedentary/low active group. But there was no statistically significant difference in odds of having obesity compared to the high sedentary/high active group.
Conclusion
Higher sedentary time (≥ 8 hours/day) was associated with a higher risk of having obesity, independent of meeting higher physical activity level (≥ 600 MET-minute/week) in Korean older adults.

Keyword

Obesity; Older adults; Physical activity; Sedentary time

Reference

1. World Health Organization. c2021. Obesity [Internet]. World Health Organization;Geneva, Switzerland: Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity#tab=tab_1. cited 2021 Jan 6.

2. Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. 2019. Diagnosis and evaluation of obesity [Internet]. Korean Society for the Study of Obesity;Seoul: Available from: http://general.kosso.or.kr/html/?pmode=obesityDiagnosis. cited 2021 Jan 6.

3. Sohn M, Cho KH, Han KD, Choi M, Kim YH. 2017; Sitting time and obesity or abdominal obesity in older South Koreans: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013. Behav Med. 43:251–8. DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2015.1135101. PMID: 26808482.

4. Lee SW, Kim JW, Kim YT, Jeong SH, Kim YS. 2007; Obesity in Korean middle-high school students and their associations with physical activity patterns. Korean J Sports Med. 25:151–8.

5. Asp M, Simonsson B, Larm P, Molarius A. 2017; Physical mobility, physical activity, and obesity among elderly: findings from a large population-based Swedish survey. Public Health. 147:84–91. DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.01.032. PMID: 28404503.

6. Korean Statistical Information Service. 2020. The prevalence of obesity [Internet]. Korean Statistical Information Service;Daejeon: Available from: https://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=177&tblId=DT_11702_N101&vw_cd=MT_ZTITLE&list_id=117_11702_B01&seqNo=&lang_mode=ko&language=kor&obj_var_id=&itm_id=&conn_path=MT_ZTITLE. cited 2021 Jan 6.

7. Chodzko-Zajko WJ, Proctor DN, et al. American College of Sports Medicine. 2009; American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 41:1510–30. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a0c95c. PMID: 19516148.

8. Kay SJ, Fiatarone Singh MA. 2006; The influence of physical activity on abdominal fat: a systematic review of the literature. Obes Rev. 7:183–200. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2006.00250.x. PMID: 16629874.

9. Toth MJ, Beckett T, Poehlman ET. 1999; Physical activity and the progressive change in body composition with aging: current evidence and research issues. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 31(11 Suppl):S590–6. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199911001-00017. PMID: 10593533.

10. World Health Organization. 2010. Global recommendations on physical activity for health [Internet]. World Health Organization;Geneva, Switzerland: Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241599979. cited 2021 Jan 6.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2018. 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee scientific report 2018 [Internet]. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services;Washington (DC): Available from: https://health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/PAG_Advisory_Committee_Report.pdf . cited 2021 Jan 6.

12. Copeland JL, Ashe MC, Biddle SJ, et al. 2017; Sedentary time in older adults: a critical review of measurement, associations with health, and interventions. Br J Sports Med. 51:1539. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097210. PMID: 28724714.

13. Lakerveld J, Loyen A, Schotman N, et al. 2017; Sitting too much: a hierarchy of socio-demographic correlates. Prev Med. 101:77–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.05.015. PMID: 28551361.

14. Biswas A, Oh PI, Faulkner GE, et al. 2015; Sedentary time and its association with risk for disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adults: a systematic review and meta- analysis. Ann Intern Med. 162:123–32. DOI: 10.7326/M14-1651. PMID: 25599350.

15. Chau JY, Merom D, Grunseit A, Rissel C, Bauman AE, van der Ploeg HP. 2012; Temporal trends in non-occupational sedentary behaviours from Australian Time Use Surveys 1992, 1997 and 2006. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 9:76. DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-76. PMID: 22713740. PMCID: PMC3419123.

16. Kim GH, Park DY, Lee O, Kim YS. 2019; Associations between allergic rhinitis and frequency of muscular exercise and sitting time in Korean adolescent from the 2016 Korean youth's risk behavior web-based study. Korean J Sports Med. 37:47–53. DOI: 10.5763/kjsm.2019.37.2.47.

17. Owen N, Healy GN, Matthews CE, Dunstan DW. 2010; Too much sitting: the population health science of sedentary behavior. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 38:105–13. DOI: 10.1097/JES.0b013e3181e373a2. PMID: 20577058. PMCID: PMC3404815.

18. Chau JY, Grunseit AC, Chey T, et al. 2013; Daily sitting time and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 8:e80000. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080000. PMID: 24236168. PMCID: PMC3827429.

19. Gennuso KP, Gangnon RE, Matthews CE, Thraen-Borowski KM, Colbert LH. 2013; Sedentary behavior, physical activity, and markers of health in older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 45:1493–500. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318288a1e5. PMID: 23475142. PMCID: PMC5764165.

20. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2018. The seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII-3), 2018 [Internet]. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;Cheongju, Korea: Available from: https://knhanes.cdc.go.kr/knhanes/sub03/sub03_02_05.do. cited 2021 Jan 23.

21. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2018. KNHANES regulation for using of raw data 7th (2016-2018) [Internet]. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;Cheongju, Korea: Available from: https://knhanes.cdc.go.kr/knhanes/sub03/sub03_06_02.do. cited 2021 Jan 23.

22. World Health Organization. 2012. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire [Internet]. World Health Organization;Geneva, Switzerland: Available from: https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/GPAQ_EN.pdf. cited 2021 Jan 23.

23. Lee J, Lee C, Min J, et al. 2020; Development of the Korean Global Physical Activity Questionnaire: reliability and validity study. Glob Health Promot. 27:44–55. DOI: 10.1177/1757975919854301. PMID: 31375056.

24. World Health Organization. 2012. GPAQ analysis guide [Internet]. World Health Organization;Geneva, Switzerland: Available from: https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/resources/GPAQ_Analysis_Guide.pdf. cited 2021 Jan 23.

25. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2018. KNHANES analysis guideline (SPSS) [Internet]. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;Cheongju, Korea: Available from: https://knhanes.cdc.go.kr/knhanes/sub03/sub03_06_02.do. cited 2021 Jan 23.

26. Cárdenas Fuentes G, Bawaked RA, Martínez González MÁ, et al. 2018; Association of physical activity with body mass index, waist circumference and incidence of obesity in older adults. Eur J Public Health. 28:944–50. DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky030. PMID: 29554269.

27. Petersen L, Schnohr P, Sørensen TI. 2004; Longitudinal study of the long-term relation between physical activity and obesity in adults. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 28:105–12. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802548. PMID: 14647181.

28. Donnelly JE, Blair SN, Jakicic JM, et al. 2009; American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 41:459–71. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181949333. PMID: 19127177.

29. Inoue S, Sugiyama T, Takamiya T, Oka K, Owen N, Shimomitsu T. 2012; Television viewing time is associated with overweight/obesity among older adults, independent of meeting physical activity and health guidelines. J Epidemiol. 22:50–6. DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20110054. PMID: 22156288. PMCID: PMC3798580.

30. Gómez-Cabello A, Pedrero-Chamizo R, Olivares PR, et al. 2012; Sitting time increases the overweight and obesity risk independently of walking time in elderly people from Spain. Maturitas. 73:337–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.09.001. PMID: 23021800.