J Korean Med Sci.  2021 Apr;36(13):e82. 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e82.

Association between Second-hand Smoke Exposure and Urinary NNAL Level in Korean Adolescents

• You HS
• Lee Jw
• Kim Ys
• Kim Y
• Lee HC
• Hwang JY
• Yang W
• Kang HT

• KMID: 2514758
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e82

Abstract

Background
The 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) is a metabolite of tobacco-specific lung carcinogen that can be found in both smokers and non-smokers. Particularly, NNAL levels of children with a history of exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) are higher than those of adults. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between SHS exposure and urine NNAL levels in Korean adolescents.
Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII. Overall, 648 never-smoking adolescents (425 boys and 223 girls) aged 12 to 18 were included in this study. Logistic regression analyses identified the relationship between SHS exposure and elevated urine NNAL levels.
Results
The mean urine NNAL levels of the no exposure and exposure group in boys were 1.39 and 2.26 ng/mL, respectively, whereas they were 1.01 and 2.45 ng/mL in girls, respectively (P < 0.001). Among the adolescents exposed to SHS, the confounder-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) for elevated urine NNAL levels according to exposure area as overall, home, and public area were 2.68 (1.58–4.53), 31.02 (9.46–101.74), and 1.89 (1.12–3.17) in boys; and 6.50 (3.22–13.11), 20.09 (7.08–57.04), and 3.94 (1.98–7.77) in girls, respectively.
Conclusion
SHS exposure was significantly associated with elevated urine NNAL levels in Korean adolescents, particularly in female adolescents and in those with home exposure. These findings remind us of the need to protect adolescents from SHS.

Keyword

Tobacco; Smoking; Biomarkers; Carcinogens; NNAL

Figure

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  Fig. 1 NNAL levels according to exposure to second-hand smoke by sex.NNAL = 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol.

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  Fig. 2 NNAL levels according to exposure area by sex.NNAL = 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol.

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