2. Krames ES, Lanning RM. Intrathecal infusional analgesia for nonmalignant pain: analgesic efficacy of intrathecal opioid with or without bupivacaine. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1993; 8:539–48. DOI:
10.1016/0885-3924(93)90083-8.
3. Onofrio BM, Yaksh TL. Long-term pain relief produced by intrathecal morphine infusion in 53 patients. J Neurosurg. 1990; 72:200–9. DOI:
10.3171/jns.1990.72.2.0200. PMID:
1688618.
4. Knight KH, Brand FM, Mchaourab AS, Veneziano G. Implantable intrathecal pumps for chronic pain: highlights and updates. Croat Med J. 2007; 48:22–34. PMID:
17309136. PMCID:
PMC2080496.
5. Krames ES. Intraspinal opioid therapy for chronic nonmalignant pain: current practice and clinical guidelines. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1996; 11:333–52. DOI:
10.1016/0885-3924(96)00010-3.
6. Bergqvist D, Wu CL, Neal JM. Anticoagulation and neuraxial regional anesthesia: perspectives. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2003; 28:163–6. DOI:
10.1053/rapm.2003.50133. PMID:
12772132.
7. Dickerman RD, Stevens QE, Schneider SJ. The role of surgical placement and pump orientation in intrathecal pump system failure: a technical report. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2003; 38:107–9. DOI:
10.1159/000068047. PMID:
12566846.
9. Hayek SM, Paige B, Girgis G, Kapural L, Fattouh M, Xu M, et al. Tunneled epidural catheter infections in noncancer pain: increased risk in patients with neuropathic pain/complex regional pain syndrome. Clin J Pain. 2006; 22:82–9. DOI:
10.1097/01.ajp.0000151872.97148.f6. PMID:
16340596.
10. Kurnutala LN, Kim D, Sayeed H, Sibai N. Persistent spinal headache after removal of intrathecal drug delivery system: a case report and review of literature. Anesth Pain Med. 2015; 5:e29786. DOI:
10.5812/aapm.29786. PMID:
26587409. PMCID:
PMC4644312.
12. Kunkle EC, Ray BS, Wolff HG. Experimental studies on headache: analysis of the headache associated with changes in intracranial pressure. Arch NeurPsych. 1943; 49:323–58. DOI:
10.1001/archneurpsyc.1943.02290150011001.
14. Dunbar SA, Katz NP. Post-dural puncture thoracic pain without headache: relief with epidural blood patch. Can J Anaesth. 1995; 42:221–3. DOI:
10.1007/BF03010681. PMID:
7743574.
15. Neuman SA, Eldrige JS, Qu W, Freeman ED, Hoelzer BC. Post dural puncture headache following intrathecal drug delivery system placement. Pain Physician. 2013; 16:101–7. PMID:
23511676.