J Korean Acad Nurs.  2006 Oct;36(6):1023-1032.

Nicotine Dependence, Smoking-related Attitude, and Subjective Norms across the Stages of Change for Smoking Cessation among Adults Smokers in a Rural Area

• Kim YH
• Seo NS
• Kang HY

Abstract

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify nicotine dependence, smoking-related attitude, and subjective norms across the stages of change for smoking cessation among adult smokers in a rural area. METHOD: The subjects were 276 current smokers (male=243, female=33). There were 3 stages of change for smoking cessation: pre-contemplation, contemplation, and preparation stage. Data was collected by an interview or self-reporting from February 12th to March 5th 2004, and analyzed with frequency, percentage, chi-square-test, Fisher's exact probability test, ANOVA, and Scheffe test using the SPSS-PC program. RESULT: According to the stages of change, 114(41.3%) current smokers were in pre-contemplation, 110(39.9%) in contemplation, and 52(18.8%) in the preparation stage. There was a higher percentage of males than females (chi-square=8.99, p=.011) in the preparation stage. The mean score of the smoking-related attitude (F=7.43, p=.001) and subjective norm(F=27.41, p=.001) were both lowest in the pre-contemplation stage and increased positively during the stages of change for smoking cessation. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, the authors recommend that community-based smoking cessation programs should be developed by considering the intention or motives of current smokers and should be initiated in the preparation stage and primarily for male groups.

Keyword

Smoking cessation; Stages of change; Nicotine dependence; Subjective norm

MeSH Terms

Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Attitude to Health
Female
Humans
Interviews as Topic
Male
Middle Aged
Motivation
Nicotine
Rural Population
Smoking Cessation/*psychology
Surveys and Questionnaires
Tobacco Use Disorder/*psychology