Environ Health Toxicol.
2013 ;28(1):e2013005.
Development of Time-location Weighted Spatial Measures Using Global Positioning System Data
- Affiliations
-
- 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M School of Rural Public Health, College Station, TX, USA.
- 2Department of Environmental Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. cleanair@snu.ac.kr
- 3Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Despite increasing availability of global positioning system (GPS), no research has been conducted to analyze GPS data for exposure opportunities associated with time at indoor and outdoor microenvironments. We developed location-based and time-weighted spatial measures that incorporate indoor and outdoor time-location data collected by GPS.
METHODS
Time-location data were drawn from 38 female subjects in California who wore a GPS device for seven days. Ambient standard deviational ellipse was determined based on outdoor locations and time duration, while indoor time weighted standard deviational ellipse (SDE) was developed to incorporate indoor and outdoor times and locations data into the ellipse measure.
RESULTS
Our findings indicated that there was considerable difference in the sizes of exposure potential measures when indoor time was taken into consideration, and that they were associated with day type (weekday/weekend) and employment status.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides evidence that time-location weighted measure may provide better accuracy in assessing exposure opportunities at different microenvironments. The use of GPS likely improves the geographical details and accuracy of time-location data, and further development of such location-time weighted spatial measure is encouraged.
Keyword
- Full Text Links
-
- Actions
-
Cited
- CITED
-
- Close
- Share
-
- Similar articles
-
- Evaluation of Real-time Target Positioning Accuracy in Spinal Radiosurgery
- Spatial modeling of mortality from acute lower respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age in 2000–2017: a global study
- Optimization of MRI Protocol for the Musculoskeletal System
- Exploring Spatial Variations and Factors associated with Walking Practice in Korea: An Empirical Study based on Geographically Weighted Regression
- Contact Transmission of COVID-19 in South Korea: Novel Investigation Techniques for Tracing Contacts
