Korean J Med.  2017 Feb;92(1):89-93. 10.3904/kjm.2017.92.1.89.

Simultaneous Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Sepsis and Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection in a Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

• Noh CI
• Hyun M
• Lee JY
• Kim HA
• Ryu SY

• KMID: 2376951
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2017.92.1.89

Abstract

The incidence of bacteremia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients is significantly decreased by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, bacteremia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. A 43-year-old male who had fever and cough for 1 week presented to the emergency room. He was diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome combined with atypical pneumonia and started on antibiotics plus HAART. After 3 days, Streptococcus pneumoniae was grown in blood cultures. Three weeks later, acid-fast bacilli cultures of blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid grew Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC); hence, the patient was treated with antimycobacterial drugs. HIV-infected patients with persistent fever despite administration of appropriate antibiotics should be examined for simultaneous infection by other organisms, such as nontuberculous mycobacteria. We report a case of simultaneous detection of MAC and S. pneumoniae in the blood of a treatment-naïve HIV-infected patient.

Keyword

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Mycobacterium avium complex; Streptococcus pneumoniae

MeSH Terms

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*
Adult
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
Bacteremia
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Cough
Diagnosis*
Emergency Service, Hospital
Fever
HIV
Humans
Incidence
Male
Mortality
Mycobacterium avium Complex*
Mycobacterium avium*
Mycobacterium*
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Pneumonia
Sepsis*
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Anti-Bacterial Agents