1. Turrentine FE, Wang H, Simpson VB, Jones RS. Surgical risk factors, morbidity, and mortality in elderly patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2006; 203:865–877.
2. Alves A, Panis Y, Mathieu P, Mantion G, Kwiatkowski F, Slim K, et al. Postoperative mortality and morbidity in French patients undergoing colorectal surgery: results of a prospective multicenter study. Arch Surg. 2005; 140:278–283.
3. Yang Z, Chen H, Liao Y, Xiang J, Kang L, Wang L, et al. Clinicopathological characteristics and long-term outcomes of colorectal cancer in elderly Chinese patients undergoing potentially curative surgery. Surg Today. 2014; 44:115–122.
4. Story DA. Postoperative complications in elderly patients and their significance for long-term prognosis. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2008; 21:375–379.
5. Jung KW, Won YJ, Kong HJ, Oh CM, Cho H, Lee DH, et al. Cancer statistics in Korea: incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2012. Cancer Res Treat. 2015; 47:127–141.
6. Suh M, Choi KS, Park B, Lee YY, Jun JK, Lee DH, et al. Trends in cancer screening rates among Korean men and women: results of the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, 2004-2013. Cancer Res Treat. 2016; 48:1–10.
7. Kehlet H, Wilmore DW. Multimodal strategies to improve surgical outcome. Am J Surg. 2002; 183:630–641.
8. Park CH, Baek SK, Bae OS, Jeong WK. Influence of old age on the postoperative outcomes of obstructive colorectal cancer surgery after the insertion of a stent. Ann Surg Treat Res. 2015; 89:183–189.
9. Sauer R, Becker H, Hohenberger W, Rodel C, Wittekind C, Fietkau R, et al. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004; 351:1731–1740.
10. Sauer R, Liersch T, Merkel S, Fietkau R, Hohenberger W, Hess C, et al. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: results of the German CAO/ARO/AIO-94 randomized phase III trial after a median follow-up of 11 years. J Clin Oncol. 2012; 30:1926–1933.
11. Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy Study Group. A comparison of laparoscopically assisted and open colectomy for colon cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004; 350:2050–2059.
12. Alves A, Panis Y, Mantion G, Slim K, Kwiatkowski F, Vicaut E. The AFC score: validation of a 4-item predicting score of postoperative mortality after colorectal resection for cancer or diverticulitis: results of a prospective multicenter study in 1049 patients. Ann Surg. 2007; 246:91–96.
13. Edwards BK, Ward E, Kohler BA, Eheman C, Zauber AG, Anderson RN, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2006, featuring colorectal cancer trends and impact of interventions (risk factors, screening, and treatment) to reduce future rates. Cancer. 2010; 116:544–573.
14. Hendren S, Morris AM, Zhang W, Dimick J. Early discharge and hospital readmission after colectomy for cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2011; 54:1362–1367.
15. Staib L, Link KH, Blatz A, Beger HG. Surgery of colorectal cancer: surgical morbidity and five- and ten-year results in 2400 patients--monoinstitutional experience. World J Surg. 2002; 26:59–66.
16. Kehlet H, Buchler MW, Beart RW Jr, Billingham RP, Williamson R. Care after colonic operation--is it evidence-based? Results from a multinational survey in Europe and the United States. J Am Coll Surg. 2006; 202:45–54.
17. Wilmore DW, Kehlet H. Management of patients in fast track surgery. BMJ. 2001; 322:473–476.
18. Scharfenberg M, Raue W, Junghans T, Schwenk W. “Fast-track” rehabilitation after colonic surgery in elderly patients--is it feasible? Int J Colorectal Dis. 2007; 22:1469–1474.
19. Odermatt M, Miskovic D, Flashman K, Khan J, Senapati A, O'Leary D, et al. Major postoperative complications following elective resection for colorectal cancer decrease long-term survival but not the time to recurrence. Colorectal Dis. 2015; 17:141–149.
20. Artinyan A, Orcutt ST, Anaya DA, Richardson P, Chen GJ, Berger DH. Infectious postoperative complications decrease long-term survival in patients undergoing curative surgery for colorectal cancer: a study of 12,075 patients. Ann Surg. 2015; 261:497–505.
21. Nygren J, Thacker J, Carli F, Fearon KC, Norderval S, Lobo DN, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective rectal/pelvic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(®)) Society recommendations. World J Surg. 2013; 37:285–305.
22. Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Schwenk W, Demartines N, Roulin D, Francis N, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colonic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(®)) Society recommendations. World J Surg. 2013; 37:259–284.
23. Day RW, Fielder S, Calhoun J, Kehlet H, Gottumukkala V, Aloia TA. Incomplete reporting of enhanced recovery elements and its impact on achieving quality improvement. Br J Surg. 2015; 102:1594–1602.