J Vet Sci.  2016 Mar;17(1):79-87. 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.1.79.

Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma application on cutaneous wound healing in dogs

• Jee CH
• Eom NY
• Jang HM
• Jung HW
• Choi ES
• Won JH
• Hong IH
• Kang BT
• Jeong DW
• Jung DI

• KMID: 2363338
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2016.17.1.79

Abstract

This study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and efficacy of intralesional injection as a method of application to acute cutaneous wounds in dogs. Healthy adult beagles (n = 3) were used in this study. Autologous PRP was separated from anticoagulant treated whole blood in three dogs. Cutaneous wounds were created and then treated by intralesional injection of PRP in the experimental group, while they were treated with saline in the control group on days 0, 2 and 4. The healing process was evaluated by gross examination throughout the experimental period and histologic examination on day 7, 14 and 21. In PRP treated wounds, the mean diameter was smaller and the wound closure rate was higher than in the control. Histological study revealed that PRP treated wounds showed more granulation formation and angiogenesis on day 7, and faster epithelialization, more granulation formation and collagen deposition were observed on day 14 than in control wounds. On day 21, collagen deposition and epithelialization were enhanced in PRP treated groups. Overall, PRP application showed beneficial effects in wound healing, and intralesional injection was useful for application of PRP and could be a good therapeutic option for wound management in dogs.

Keyword

cutaneous wound; dog; intralesional injection; platelet-rich plasma; wound healing

MeSH Terms

Animals
Collagen/metabolism
Dermis/cytology/injuries/physiology
Dogs
Epidermis/cytology/injuries/*physiology
Female
Granulation Tissue/cytology
Injections, Intralesional/veterinary
Male
Neovascularization, Physiologic
*Platelet-Rich Plasma
Regeneration
Treatment Outcome
*Wound Healing
Wounds and Injuries/therapy/*veterinary
Collagen

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of location and experimental regimen for each wound, and injection protocol. (A) Representation of wounds creation and treatment regimen. Wounds are named C1–4 in the control group and T1–4 in the PRP-treated group. (B) 0.5 mL aliquot of saline (control group) or PRP (PRP-treated group) per wound was injected, divided into four intradermal injections and one injection into the wound bed. Each arrow represents injection of 0.1 mL solution. C, control group; T, PRP-treatment group.

• 

  Fig. 2 Steps of wound healing in control and PRP-treated wounds according to time. (A) Serial macroscopic examination of wounds in dog A. On day 14, a smaller wound diameter and higher wound closure rate was observed in PRP-treated wounds. (B) Serial examination of C4 and T4 during the experimental period in three dogs. In dogs A and B, wound diameters are smaller in T4 than C4 on day 14, and T4 are pale, small, and had less scar formation on days 14 and 28, compared with C4.

• 

  Fig. 3 Photomicrographs of epidermis from control and PRP-treated groups on days 7, 14 and 21 in three dogs. (A) On day 7, epithelial layers of C1 are hypertrophied, but differentiation is limited with marked absence of keratinocytes, and dog B has no keratohyaline granules, although A and C have small amounts of keratohyaline granules. Epithelial layers of T1 exhibit hypertrophy and differentiated keratinocytes. More keratohyaline granules are observed in dogs A and C, with development of stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum, when compared with control wounds, respectively. Dog B shows no difference between the PRP-treated and control wound. (B) Epidermis at day 14. C2 still shows a hyperplastic epidermis, and dog A and B show irregular epidermis without stratum corneum. T2 shows decreased thickness, and epithelial cells are flattened and keratinized. (C) On day 21, the epidermis of C3 exhibits keratinization and decreased thickness with keratohyaline granules, although T3 exhibits more keratinization without keratohyaline granules. T2 and C3 appear to be at a similar stage of epithelialization. H&E stain. 200× (A–C).

• 

  Fig. 4 Photomicrographs of collagen deposition in granulation tissue and dermis. (A) On day 7, T1 from dogs B and C display more collagen deposition than C1. (B) On day 14, all T2 have dense and abundant collagen. (C). Tightly packed collagen fibers are observed running parallel to each other at the mid-portion of the dermis of T3 in dogs B and C on day 21. (D) All upper dermis sample of T3 exhibit more deposition of collagen than C3. Masson's trichrome stain. 200× (A–C), 100× (D).

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