J Clin Neurol.
2016 Apr;12(2):241-242. 10.3988/jcn.2016.12.2.241.
A Case Contradicting the Definition of Embolic Strokes of Undetermined Source: The Necessity of Transesophageal Echocardiography
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ioannina, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece. ar.katsanos@gmail.com
- 2Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Ioannina, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
- 3Second Department of Neurology, University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
- KMID: 2354148
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.3988/jcn.2016.12.2.241
Abstract
- No abstract available.
MeSH Terms
Figure
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Fig. 1 Patent foramen ovale with a large right-to-left shunt during the Valsalva maneuver (>20 microbubbles) identified using transesophageal echocardiography.
Reference
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1. Kernan WN, Ovbiagele B, Black HR, Bravata DM, Chimowitz MI, Ezekowitz MD, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2014; 45:2160–2236.
Article2. Katsanos AH, Giannopoulos S, Frogoudaki A, Vrettou AR, Liantinioti C, Chondrogianni M, et al. The diagnostic yield of transesophageal echocardiography in patients with cryptogenic cerebral ischemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies (ESOC-0242). Int J Stroke. 2015; 10:Suppl 2. 110.3. Hart RG, Diener HC, Coutts SB, Easton JD, Granger CB, O'Donnell MJ, et al. Embolic strokes of undetermined source: the case for a new clinical construct. Lancet Neurol. 2014; 13:429–438.
Article4. Lip PZ, Lip GY. Patent foramen ovale and migraine attacks: a systematic review. Am J Med. 2014; 127:411–420.
Article5. Katsanos AH, Spence JD, Bogiatzi C, Parissis J, Giannopoulos S, Frogoudaki A, et al. Recurrent stroke and patent foramen ovale: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke. 2014; 45:3352–3359.6. Kent DM, Ruthazer R, Weimar C, Mas JL, Serena J, Homma S, et al. An index to identify stroke-related vs incidental patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic stroke. Neurology. 2013; 81:619–625.
Article7. Caplan LR. Arterial occlusions: does size matter? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007; 78:916.
Article8. Caplan LR. Of birds and nests and brain emboli. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1991; 147:265–273.
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