J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs.  2015 Jun;26(2):150-159. 10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.2.150.

The Effects of Elderly Diabetes Mellitus Patients' Self-care Behavior and Health Conservation on Cardiovascular Risk Factors

• Sung K

• KMID: 2292693
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.2.150

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study was performed in order to identify the relationships among self-care behavior, health conservation, and cardiovascular risk factors and to examine the influence of self-care behavior and health conservation on cardiovascular risk factors among Korean elders with diabetes mellitus.
METHODS
The participants were 105 elders with diabetes mellitus using senior welfare centers and elderly leisure houses in Daegu. Data were collected through interviews during the period from April to May in 2014. Self-care behavior was measured with Kim's (1997) Self-care Behavior Scale, health conservation with Sung's (2005) Health Conservation Scale, and cardiovascular risk factors with the Arizona Heart Institute Cardiovascular Risk Factor Questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed through one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 19.0 program.
RESULTS
A negative correlation was found between self-care behavior and cardiovascular risk factors, and between health conservation and cardiovascular risk factors. Self-care behavior explained 6% and health conservation did 49% of variance in elderly diabetes mellitus patients' cardiovascular risk.
CONCLUSION
The results indicate that, in order to reduce cardiovascular risk factors among Korean elders with diabetes mellitus, we need nursing interventions for increasing health conservation and self-care behavior.

Keyword

Health conservation; Cardiovascular risk; Diabetes mellitus; Aged

MeSH Terms

Aged*
Arizona
Daegu
Diabetes Mellitus*
Health Behavior
Heart
Humans
Leisure Activities
Nursing
Risk Factors*
Self Care*
Surveys and Questionnaires

Reference

1. World Health Organization. Diabetes [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization;2013. cited 2014 January 15. Available from: www.who.int/mediacentre/en/.

2. Statistics Korea. 2012 Korea health statistics [Internet]. Seoul: Ministry of Health and Welfare & Korea Centers for Disease Control &Prevention;2013. cited 2014 January 20. Available from: http://www.index.go.kr/egams/stts/jsp/potal/stts/PO_STTS_IdxMain.jsp?idx_cd=1438&bbs=INDX_001.

3. Boo S. Glucose, blood pressure, and lipid control in Korean adults with diagnosed diabetes. Korean J Adult Nurs. 2012; 24(4):406–416.

4. The American Heart Association. Cardiovascular disease & diabetes [Internet]. Dallas: The American Heart Association;2012. cited 2014 January 20. Available from: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Diabetes/WhyDiabetesMatters/%20Cardiovascular-Disease-Diabetes_UCM_313865_Article.jsp.

5. Kim EY, Hwang SY. Predicting factors of smoking and emotional stress among male patients with acute coronary syndrome. Korean J Adult Nurs. 2011; 23(1):100–109.

6. Choiniere R, Lafontaine P, Edwards AC. Distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors by socioeconomic status among Canadian adults. CMAJ. 2000; 162:9 Suppl. S13–S24.

7. Lee HJ, Park KY. Predictors of cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetic patients. J Korean Acad Adult Nurs. 2006; 18(3):426–435.

8. Nam SM, Ha EH, Suh YJ, Park H, Chang MH, Seo JH, et al. Effect of obesity and blood lipid profiles on hyperlipidemia in adults aged over 40 years. Korean J Obes. 2008; 17(1):20–28.

9. Seo JB, Jung WY. The importance of treatment of low HDL cholesterolemia in cardiovascular disease. J Korean Soc Lipidol Atheroscler. 2008; 18(2):270–276.

10. Kim JS. Effects of the weight control program on body composition, blood lipids, insulin sensitivity and IGF-1 in obese juveniles. J Sport Leis Stud. 2010; 40:719–730.

11. Yu SY, Hong HS, Lee HS, Choi YJ, Huh KB, Kim WY. The association of insulin resistance with cardiovascular disease risk and dietary factors in Korean type 2 DM patients. Korean J Nutr. 2007; 40(1):31–40.

12. Azadbakht L, Fard NRP, Karimi M, Baghaei MH, Surkan PJ, Rahimi M, et al. Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan on cardiovascular risks among type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized crossover clinical trial. Diabetes Care. 2011; 34(1):55–57. DOI: 10.2337/dc10-0676.

13. Sung KW, Lee JH. The effects of regular walking exercise on metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk factors, and depressive symptoms in the elderly with diabetic mellitus. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2010; 21(4):409–418.

14. Sung DJ, So WY, Park HM, Cha KS. Exercise and hypertension: Review of nitric oxide production and vasodilation by exercise. J Korean Soc Living Environ Syst. 2010; 17(2):181–190.

15. Joo KC, Lee HJ. The relationship between regular exercise and both Framingham risk score and determinant of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged men. Exerc Sci. 2006; 15(3):181–191.

16. Jeoung BJ, Hong YJ, Sin C, Lim EJ. Physical activity, body mass index and risk factors for coronary heart disease in middle and old-aged Korean. J Korean Soc Aerobic Exerc. 2005; 9(1):37–44.

17. Bjorvatn B, Sagen IM, øyane N, Waage S, Fetneit A, Pallesen S, et al. The association between sleep duration, body mass index and metabolic measures in the Hordaland health study. J Sleep Res. 2007; 16(1):66–76.

18. Kim CG. Effect of health behavior and obesity indices on blood pressure in 20s man. J Korea Contents Assoc. 2011; 11(8):231–238.

19. Chow CK, Jolly S, Rao-Melacini P, Fox KA, Anand SS, Yusuf S. Association of diet, exercise, and smoking modification with risk of early cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2010; 121(6):750–758. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.891523.

20. Lee HJ, Kim MS. The relationship of diet, physical activities, self-efficacy, and self-care with cardiovascular risk factors among clients with type II diabetes. J Korean Acad Adult Nurs. 2007; 19(2):283–294.

21. Lee HJ, Park KY. Predictors of cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetic patients. J Korean Acad Adult Nurs. 2006; 18(3):426–435.

22. Kang KJ, Yu SJ, Seo HM, Yu M, Park MS, Jang HC. Factors influencing self-management behavior for patients with type 2 diabetes: Comparison of difference between the elderly and adults. J Korean Biol Nurs Sci. 2012; 14(2):112–121. DOI: 10.7586/jkbns.2012.14.2.112.

23. Lee SJ. Analysis of awareness and control rate of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia in Korean adult patients: 2007-2010 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey [master's thesis]. [Seoul]: Seoul National University;2012. 36.

24. Choi GA, Jang SM, Nam HW. Current status of self-management and barriers in elderly diabetic patient. Korean Diabetes J. 2008; (32):280–289. DOI: 10.4093/kdj.2008.32.3.280.

25. Sung KW. Scale development on health conservation of the institutionalized elderly. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2005; 35(1):113–124.

26. Lim SC. Intervention strategies for older adults with diabetes. J Korean Diabetes. 2012; 13(1):52–55. DOI: 10.4093/jkd.2012.13.1.52.

27. Krus DJ, Diethrich EB. Validity of the Arizona Heart Institute Cardiovascular Risk Factor Questionnaire. Educ Psychol Meas. 1982; 42(4):1189–1196. DOI: 10.1177/001316448204200427.

28. Kim YO. A hypothesized model for self-care behavior in diabetic patients: Based on stress-coping model [dissertation]. [Seoul]: Yonsei University;1997. 170.

29. D'Agostino RB Sr, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, Wolf PA, Cobain M, Massaro JM, et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: The Framingham heart study. Circulation. 2008; 117(6):743–753. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579.

30. Ko MJ, Han JT. The relative risk of major risk factors of ischemic heart disease. J Korean Data Inf Sci Soc. 2010; 21(2):201–209.