Ann Rehabil Med.  2015 Apr;39(2):183-190. 10.5535/arm.2015.39.2.183.

The Effect of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit on the Isokinetic Strength, Pain, and Quality of Life in Male High School Baseball Players

• Lee J
• Kim LN
• Song H
• Kim S
• Woo S

• KMID: 2273039
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2015.39.2.183

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) on the isokinetic strength, body pain, and the quality of life in male high school baseball players of Korea.
METHODS
Fifty-six male high school baseball players were divided into either group A (GIRD> or =20degrees, n=12) or group B (GIRD<20degrees, n=44). The range of motion in the shoulder and the isokinetic strength were measured. Questionnaires were administered regarding the body pain location by using the visual analogue scale, and the quality of life was measured by using the SF-36 Form.
RESULTS
All subjects had increased external rotation range of motion and decreased internal rotation in the throwing shoulder. The incidence of GIRD (> or =20degrees) was 21.43% in the present study. In the isokinetic strength test, a significantly weaker muscular state at an angular velocity of 180degrees/s was observed in group A, compared to group B. For the comparison of the pain, the frequency of shoulder pain was higher (33.93%) than other body pain, among the study subjects.
CONCLUSION
GIRD is one of the main risk factors of glenohumeral joint damage, and it is correlated with reduced isokinetic strength and quality of life. High school baseball players will need appropriate shoulder rehabilitation programs for the improvement in their quality of life and performance.

Keyword

Glenohumeral joint; Shoulder joint; Baseball; Shoulder pain; Quality of life

MeSH Terms

Baseball*
Humans
Incidence
Korea
Male
Quality of Life*
Range of Motion, Articular
Rehabilitation
Risk Factors
Shoulder
Shoulder Joint
Shoulder Pain
Surveys and Questionnaires

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Shoulder isokinetic strength measurement using the HUMAC/NORM Testing & Rehabilitation System. This system was used to assess the isokinetic strength of the shoulder flexion and extension, with participants in the supine position and the hip and trunk stabilized by a seatbelt and a shoulder stabilizer belt. The exercise included the measurement of the shoulder range of motion from the maximum position of flexion to the maximum position of extension. This test was repeated 3 times, and the mean of the 3 measurements was calculated at angular velocities of 60°/s and 180°/s.

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