J Korean Neurosurg Soc.  2015 Jun;57(6):401-407. 10.3340/jkns.2015.57.6.401.

Nonprogressive Unilateral Intracranial Arteriopathy in Children with Arterial Ischemic Stroke

• Yeon JY
• Shin HJ

• KMID: 2191245
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2015.57.6.401

Abstract

The nonprogressive unilateral intracranial arteriopathy known as transient (focal) cerebral arteriopathy is not a well-recognized arteriopathy among practitioners of Korea and Japan, although it cannot be easily differentiated from early moyamoya disease. This review summarizes the nomenclature, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, clinico-radiological features, and management of nonprogressive (reversible or stable) unilateral arteriopathy based on the relevant literature and our own experiences. Nonprogressive unilateral arteriopathy should be strongly suspected in children presenting with basal ganglia infarction and arterial beading. The early identification of patients likely to have nonprogressive or progressive arteriopathy would ensure proper management and guide further research for secondary stroke prevention.

Keyword

Arteriopathy; Stroke; Moyamoya disease; Pediatric; Unilateral

MeSH Terms

Basal Ganglia
Child*
Humans
Infarction
Japan
Korea
Moyamoya Disease
Stroke*

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Classification scheme.

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  Fig. 2 Examples of reversible arteriopathy. Note the infarction involving the basal ganglia and arterial beading (white arrows) on digital subtraction angiography performed within 2 weeks.

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  Fig. 3 Example of stable arteriopathy. The left middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis worsened on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) at 4 months but remained unchanged thereafter. Although contralateral MCA stenosis was suggested by MRA at 1 year based on the decreased luminal diameter, subsequent angiography confirmed no definite contralateral progression.

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