J Korean Med Sci.  2014 Sep;29(Suppl 2):S103-S108. 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.S2.S103.

A Higher Salt Intake Leads to a Lower Rate of Adequate Blood Pressure Control

• Lee J
• Lee H
• Kim K
• Park JH
• Kim S
• Oh J

• KMID: 2069800
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.S2.S103

Abstract

The relationship between salt intake and adequate blood pressure control is not well investigated in Korea populations, especially in patients with cardiovascular disease. This cross-sectional study enrolled 19,083 subjects who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2009-2011. The amount of salt intake was estimated using the Tanaka equations based on spot urine samples. Comparing patients with and without cardiovascular disease, systolic blood pressure (129.1+/-18.1 mmHg vs. 120.0+/-18.1 mmHg, P<0.001) and the amount of urinary sodium excretion (149.4+/-37.5 mM/day vs. 144.1+/-36.2 mM/day, P<0.001) were higher in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Among patients with cardiovascular disease, the high blood pressure group showed an increased amount of urinary sodium excretion compared to the normal blood pressure group (155.5+/-38.2 vs. 146.6+/-36.9 mM/day, P<0.001). The odds ratio (OR) of high blood pressure was higher (OR, 1.825; 95% CI, 1.187-2.807; P-for-trend 0.003, highest quartile of urinary sodium excretion vs. lowest quartile) in patients with cardiovascular disease. A higher amount of urinary sodium excretion was associated with a lower rate of adequate blood pressure control in Korean population, especially with cardiovascular disease.

Keyword

Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; KNHANES; Sodium

MeSH Terms

Adult
Aged
Algorithms
Blood Pressure/*physiology
Cardiovascular Diseases/complications/*pathology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Demography
Female
Humans
Hypertension/complications
Male
Middle Aged
Nutrition Surveys
Odds Ratio
Sodium, Dietary/*urine
Sodium, Dietary

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Systolic and diastolic blood pressure according to the amount of urinary salt excretion in the total participants (n = 19,083). (A) Systolic blood pressure (β = 0.107, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.049) and (B) diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.045, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.023) were significantly associated with the amount of urinary sodium excretion.

• 

  Fig. 2 Relationship between systolic blood pressure and the amount of urinary salt excretion according to the existence of comorbidities. Systolic blood pressure in participants with cardiovascular disease (A) (β = 0.080, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.028) and participants without cardiovascular disease (B) (β = 0.107, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.049) was associated with the amount of urinary sodium excretion.

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