J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc.  2015 Aug;54(3):269-275. 10.4306/jknpa.2015.54.3.269.

Assessment Tools for Psychological Trauma in Children and Adolescent after a Disaster

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
  • 2Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.
  • 3Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri General Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea.
  • 4Korean Disaster & Trauma Mental Health Committee, Seoul, Korea. dresme@dreamwiz.com
  • 5Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Abstract

Psychological trauma that can influence development of children and adolescents is common. Evaluation of the trauma is important for treatment and predicting prognosis for children and adolescents. There are many ways to evaluate the effect of psychological trauma, but few articles reviewing assessment tools used in Korea have been reported. Therefore we reviewed various checklists, structure and semi-structure interviews for choosing well and useful usage of these resources in the future. We would suggest usage of the Korean Version of Impact of Event Scale-Revised and Korean Version of the Children's Response to Traumatic Events Scale-Revised as a self-report. Korean Version of Clinician Administered posttraumatic stress disorder scale for Children and Adolescents will also be useful for interview of trauma in Korean children and adolescents. Other various tools that have been used in foreign countries reflecting Korean culture and society will need to be standardized.

Keyword

Assessment tools; Psychological trauma; Children; Adolescent

MeSH Terms

Adolescent*
Checklist
Child*
Disasters*
Humans
Korea
Prognosis
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

Reference

1. Fletcher KE. Posttraumatic stress disorder. In : Mash EJ, Barkely RA, editors. Assessment of Childhood Disorders. New York: The Guilford Press;2007. p. 398–483.
2. Carlson EB. Trauma assessments: a clinician's guide. New York, NY: Guilford Press;1997.
3. Saigh PA, Yasik AE, Oberfield RA, Green BL, Halamandaris PV, Rubenstein H, et al. The Children's PTSD Inventory: development and reliability. J Trauma Stress. 2000; 13:369–380.
Article
4. Yasik AE, Saigh PA, Oberfield RA, Green B, Halamandaris P, McHugh M. The validity of the children's PTSD Inventory. J Trauma Stress. 2001; 14:81–94.
Article
5. Saigh PA, Yasik AE, Oberfield RA, Halamandaris PV, Bremner JD. The intellectual performance of traumatized children and adolescents with or without posttraumatic stress disorder. J Abnorm Psychol. 2006; 115:332–340.
Article
6. Wolfe VV. Measuring post-traumatic stress disorder: the Children's Impact of Traumatic Events Scale-revised. APSAC Advis. 1996; 9:25–26.
7. Chaffin M, Shultz SK. Psychometric evaluation of the Children's Impact of Traumatic Events Scale-Revised. Child Abuse Negl. 2001; 25:401–411.
Article
8. Feiring C, Taska L, Lewis M. Age and gender differences in children's and adolescents' adaptation to sexual abuse. Child Abuse Negl. 1999; 23:115–128.
Article
9. Newman E, Weathers FW, Nader K, Kaloupek DG, Pynoos RS, Blake DD. Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Children and Adolescents (CAPS-CA). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services;2004.
10. Ku JI, Kim TH, Eun HJ, Choi MR, Lee SM, Cho SJ, et al. A study of reliability and validity on the Korean version of clinician administered PTSD scale for children and adolescents. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 2006; 45:571–577.
11. Carrion VG, Weems CF, Eliez S, Patwardhan A, Brown W, Ray RD, et al. Attenuation of frontal asymmetry in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2001; 50:943–951.
Article
12. Bahn GH, Kim B, Hwang JW, Yoo H, Min JW, Kwack YS, et al. The Mental Effects on Child Actors in Playing a Role: Observations on Filming Sites and Interviews with Filming Personnel. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013; 24:57–64.
Article
13. Horowitz M, Wilner N, Alvarez W. Impact of Event Scale: a measure of subjective stress. Psychosom Med. 1979; 41:209–218.
Article
14. Weiss DS, Marmar CR. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised. In : Wilson J, Keane T, editors. Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD. New York: Guildford;1997. p. 399–411.
15. Eun HJ, Kwon TW, Lee SM, Kim TH, Choi MR, Cho SJ. A study on reliability and validity of the Korean Version of Impact of Event Scale-Revised. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 2005; 44:303–310.
16. Pfefferbaum B, Gurwitch RH, McDonald NB, Leftwich MJ, Sconzo GM, Messenbaugh AK, et al. Posttraumatic stress among young children after the death of a friend or acquaintance in a terrorist bombing. Psychiatr Serv. 2000; 51:386–388.
Article
17. Jones RT. Child's Reaction to Traumatic Events Scale (CRTES): A self-report traumatic stress measure. Blacksburg, VA: Virginala Tech Univ.;1994.
18. Jones RT, Fletcher K, Ribbe DR. Child's Reaction to Traumatic Events Scale-Revised (CRTES-R): A self-report traumatic stress measure. Blacksburg, VA: Virginala Tech Univ.;2002.
19. Jeong Y, Kim D, Bae H, Kim SH, Go B, Kim SH. Factorial validity and psychometric properties of the Korean version of the children's response to traumatic events Scale-Revised in recently traumatized school children. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 2012; 51:185–191.
Article
20. Chung CY, Kim D, Kim SH, Bae H, Lee K, Go B. Treatment response of affect regulation group therapy for recently traumatized school children. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 2014; 53:171–177.
Article
21. Briere J. Trauma symptom checklist for children: Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources;1996.
22. Son SY, Kim TK, Shin YJ. The Effectiveness of Traumatic Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC): Comparisons of Sexually Abused Children and Nonabused Normal Children. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007; 18:49–57.
23. Cohen JA, Mannarino AP, Knudsen K. Treating sexually abused children: 1 year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Child Abuse Negl. 2005; 29:135–145.
Article
24. Foa EB, Cashman L, Jaycox L, Perry K. The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. Psychol Assess. 1997; 9:445–451.
Article
25. Nam B, Kwon HI, Kwon JH. Psychometric qualities of the Korean version of the Post-traumatic Diagnosis Scale (PDS-K). Korean J Clin Psychol. 2010; 29:147–167.
26. Neuner F, Schauer M, Karunakara U, Klaschik C, Robert C, Elbert T. Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder through previous trauma among West Nile refugees. BMC Psychiatry. 2004; 4:34.
Article
27. Greenwald R, Rubin A. Brief assessment of children's post-traumatic symptoms: development and preliminary validation of parent and child scales. Res Soc Work Pract. 1999; 9:61–75.
Article
28. Lee KM, Jeong SH, Lee WK, Chung US. Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Child Report of Post-Traumatic Symptoms (CROPS) and the Parent Report of Post-Traumatic Symptoms (PROPS). J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011; 22:169–181.
Article
29. Jaberghaderi N, Greenwald R, Rubin A, Zand SO, Dolatabadi S. A Comparison of CBT and EMDR for Sexually-abused Iranian Girls. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2004; 11:358–368.
Article
30. Ribbe D. Psychometric review of Traumatic Event Screening Instrument for Children (TESI-C). In : Stamm BH, editor. Measurement of stress, trauma, and adaptation. Lutherville, MD: Sidran Press;1996. p. 386–387.
31. Lang JM, Stover CS. Symptom patterns among youth exposed to intimate partner violence. J Fam Viol. 2008; 23:619–629.
Article
32. Rodriguez N, Steinberg A, Pynoos RS. UCLA PTSD Index for DSM IV instrument information: Child version, parent version, adolescent version. Los Angeles: UCLA Trauma Psychiatry Services;1999.
33. Pynoos R, Rodriguez N, Steinberg A, Stuber M, Frederick C. The UCLA PTSD reaction index for DSM IV (Revision 1). Los Angeles: UCLA Trauma Psychiatry Program;1998.
34. Rodriguez N, Steinberg AM, Saltzman W, Pynoos RS. UCLA PTSD Reaction Index: psychometric analysis. In : Proceedings of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies; Northbrook, IL: ISTSS;2001.
35. Roussos A, Goenjian AK, Steinberg AM, Sotiropoulou C, Kakaki M, Kabakos C, et al. Posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions among children and adolescents after the 1999 earthquake in Ano Liosia, Greece. Am J Psychiatry. 2005; 162:530–537.
Article
36. Bernstein DP, Fink L. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. A retrospective self-report. Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Brace & Company;1998.
37. Paivio SC, McCulloch CR. Alexithymia as a mediator between childhood trauma and self-injurious behaviors. Child Abuse Negl. 2004; 28:339–354.
Article
38. Putnam FW. Dissociation in children and adolescents: a developmental perspective. New York: Guilford Press;1997.
39. Kisiel CL, Lyons JS. Dissociation as a mediator of psychopathology among sexually abused children and adolescents. Am J Psychiatry. 2001; 158:1034–1039.
Article
40. Friedrich WN, Grambsch P, Damon L, Hewitt SK, Koverola C, Lang RA, et al. Child sexual behavior inventory: normative and clinical comparisons. Psychol Assess. 1992; 4:303–311.
Article
41. Feindler EL, Rathus JH, Silver LB. Assessment of family violence: a handbook for researchers and practitioners. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association;2003.
42. Drach KM, Wientzen J, Ricci LR. The diagnostic utility of sexual behavior problems in diagnosing sexual abuse in a forensic child abuse evaluation clinic. Child Abuse Negl. 2001; 25:489–503.
Article
43. Deblinger E, Mannarino AP, Cohen JA, Runyon MK, Steer RA. Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for children: impact of the trauma narrative and treatment length. Depress Anxiety. 2011; 28:67–75.
Article
44. Briere J, Johnson K, Bissada A, Damon L, Crouch J, Gil E, et al. The Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC): reliability and association with abuse exposure in a multi-site study. Child Abuse Negl. 2001; 25:1001–1014.
Article
Full Text Links
  • JKNA
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr