Yonsei Med J.  2011 Mar;52(2):234-241. 10.3349/ymj.2011.52.2.234.

Relationships between Serum Adiponectin with Metabolic Syndrome and Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Non-Diabetic Koreans: ARIRANG Study

• Koh SB
• Yoon J
• Kim JY
• Yoo BS
• Lee SH
• Park JK
• Choe KH

• KMID: 1779657
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2011.52.2.234

Abstract

PURPOSE
Growing evidence suggests that hypoadiponectinemia may play a significant role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, the relationships between serum adiponectin with MetS and components of MetS were investigated in non-diabetic samples of drawn from the Koreans general population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed a cross-sectional study in samples of older Koreans (age > 40 years) including 2,471 men and 3,463 women. MetS was defined according to the Asian modified criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III report. Serum adiponectin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay.
RESULTS
The median adiponectin level in MetS was significantly lower than that in non-MetS subjects in men (6.00 vs. 8.00 microg/mL, p < 0.001) and women (10.12 vs. 11.74 microg/mL, p < 0.001). Adiponectin concentration was negatively correlated with waist circumference and levels of triglyceride, C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting glucose, and insulin, and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein and age in both genders (p < 0.001). In a multivariate regression model after adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking, CRP, and lipid profiles, the odds ratio of MetS comparing extreme quartiles of adiponectin distribution was 0.32 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.20 to 0.50] in men and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.43 to 0.76) in women.
CONCLUSION
Adiponectin levels are independently associated with the phenotype of MetS, as well as components of MetS in the non-diabetic Korean general population.

Keyword

Adiponectin; metabolic syndrome; Korea

MeSH Terms

Adiponectin/*blood/physiology
Blood Glucose/analysis
Body Mass Index
C-Reactive Protein/analysis
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Insulin/blood
Lipoproteins, HDL/blood
Male
Metabolic Syndrome X/*blood/physiopathology
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
Odds Ratio
Republic of Korea
Sex Ratio
Triglycerides/blood
Waist Circumference/physiology

Reference

1. Ouchi N, Kihara S, Arita Y, Maeda K, Kuriyama H, Okamoto Y, et al. Novel modulator for endothelial adhesion molecules: adipocyte-derived plasma protein adiponectin. Circulation. 1999. 100:2473–2476.

2. Okui H, Hamasaki S, Ishida S, Kataoka T, Orihara K, Fukudome T, et al. Adiponectin is a better predictor of endothelial function of the coronary artery than HOMA-R, body mass index, immunoreactive insulin, or triglycerides. Int J Cardiol. 2008. 126:53–61.

3. Matsushita K, Tamakoshi K, Yatsuya H, Wada K, Otsuka R, Takefuji S, et al. Further inflammatory information on metabolic syndrome by adiponectin evaluation. Int J Cardiol. 2008. 124:339–344.

4. Matsuzawa Y, Funahashi T, Kihara S, Shimomura I. Adiponectin and metabolic syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004. 24:29–33.

5. Whitehead JP, Richards AA, Hickman IJ, Macdonald GA, Prins JB. Adiponectin--a key adipokine in the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2006. 8:264–280.

6. National Cholesterol Educution Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002. 106:3143–3421.

7. World Health Organization Western Pacific Region International Obesity Task Force. The Asia-Pacific perspective: redifing obesity and its treatment. 2000. Sydney: Heath Communications Australia Pty Limited.

8. Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J. IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome--a new worldwide definition. Lancet. 2005. 366:1059–1062.

9. Berg AH, Scherer PE. Adipose tissue, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. 2005. 96:939–949.

10. Koerner A, Kratzsch J, Kiess W. Adipocytokines: leptin--the classical, resistin--the controversial, adiponectin--the promising, and more to come. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005. 19:525–546.

11. Kim SM, Cho KH, Park HS. Relationship between plasma adiponectin levels and the metabolic syndrome among Korean people. Endocr J. 2006. 53:247–254.

12. Mohan V, Deepa R, Pradeepa R, Vimaleswaran KS, Mohan A, Velmurugan K, et al. Association of low adiponectin levels with the metabolic syndrome--the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-4). Metabolism. 2005. 54:476–481.

13. Ryo M, Nakamura T, Kihara S, Kumada M, Shibazaki S, Takahashi M, et al. Adiponectin as a biomarker of the metabolic syndrome. Circ J. 2004. 68:975–981.

14. Nishizawa H, Shimomura I, Kishida K, Maeda N, Kuriyama H, Nagaretani H, et al. Androgens decrease plasma adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing adipocyte-derived protein. Diabetes. 2002. 51:2734–2741.

15. Cnop M, Havel PJ, Utzschneider KM, Carr DB, Sinha MK, Boyko EJ, et al. Relationship of adiponectin to body fat distribution, insulin sensitivity and plasma lipoproteins: evidence for independent roles of age and sex. Diabetologia. 2003. 46:459–469.

16. Ohashi K, Kihara S, Ouchi N, Kumada M, Fujita K, Hiuge A, et al. Adiponectin replenishment ameliorates obesity-related hypertension. Hypertension. 2006. 47:1108–1116.

17. Adamczak M, Wiecek A, Funahashi T, Chudek J, Kokot F, Matsuzawa Y. Decreased plasma adiponectin concentration in patients with essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2003. 16:72–75.

18. Furuhashi M, Ura N, Higashiura K, Murakami H, Tanaka M, Moniwa N, et al. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system increases adiponectin concentrations in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension. 2003. 42:76–81.

19. Mallamaci F, Zoccali C, Cuzzola F, Tripepi G, Cutrupi S, Parlongo S, et al. Adiponectin in essential hypertension. J Nephrol. 2002. 15:507–511.

20. Yang WS, Lee WJ, Funahashi T, Tanaka S, Matsuzawa Y, Chao CL, et al. Plasma adiponectin levels in overweight and obese Asians. Obes Res. 2002. 10:1104–1110.

21. Aizawa Y, Kamimura N, Watanabe H, Aizawa Y, Makiyama Y, Usuda Y, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors are really linked in the metabolic syndrome: this phenomenon suggests clustering rather than coincidence. Int J Cardiol. 2006. 109:213–218.

22. Edwards KL, Burchfiel CM, Sharp DS, Curb JD, Rodriguez BL, Fujimoto WY, et al. Factors of the insulin resistance syndrome in nondiabetic and diabetic elderly Japanese-American men. Am J Epidemiol. 1998. 147:441–447.

23. Meigs JB, D'Agostino RB Sr, Wilson PW, Cupples LA, Nathan DM, Singer DE. Risk variable clustering in the insulin resistance syndrome. The Framingham Offspring Study. Diabetes. 1997. 46:1594–1600.

24. Sattar N, Gaw A, Scherbakova O, Ford I, O'Reilly DS, Haffner SM, et al. Metabolic syndrome with and without C-reactive protein as a predictor of coronary heart disease and diabetes in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. Circulation. 2003. 108:414–419.

25. Malik S, Wong ND, Franklin SS, Kamath TV, L'Italien GJ, Pio JR, et al. Impact of the metabolic syndrome on mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and all causes in United States adults. Circulation. 2004. 110:1245–1250.

26. Wannamethee SG, Lowe GD, Rumley A, Cherry L, Whincup PH, Sattar N. Adipokines and risk of type 2 diabetes in older men. Diabetes Care. 2007. 30:1200–1205.

27. Snijder MB, Heine RJ, Seidell JC, Bouter LM, Stehouwer CD, Nijpels G, et al. Associations of adiponectin levels with incident impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes in older men and women: the hoorn study. Diabetes Care. 2006. 29:2498–2503.

28. Pischon T, Girman CJ, Hotamisligil GS, Rifai N, Hu FB, Rimm EB. Plasma adiponectin levels and risk of myocardial infarction in men. JAMA. 2004. 291:1730–1737.

29. Laughlin GA, Barrett-Connor E, May S, Langenberg C. Association of adiponectin with coronary heart disease and mortality: the Rancho Bernardo study. Am J Epidemiol. 2007. 165:164–174.

30. Wannamethee SG, Whincup PH, Lennon L, Sattar N. Circulating adiponectin levels and mortality in elderly men with and without cardiovascular disease and heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 2007. 167:1510–1517.

31. Rothenbacher D, Brenner H, März W, Koenig W. Adiponectin, risk of coronary heart disease and correlations with cardiovascular risk markers. Eur Heart J. 2005. 26:1640–1646.