J Korean Acad Periodontol.  2009 Jun;39(2):185-192. 10.5051/jkape.2009.39.2.185.

Observation of the change of the dental implant stability and bone density evaluation methods

• Ko SM
• Park SJ
• Kim IS
• Song SI
• Lee IK

• KMID: 1733736
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5051/jkape.2009.39.2.185

Abstract

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the correlation of the subjective and the objective evaluation of edentulous ridge bone quality, and to evaluate the change of the dental implant stability in each bone density group for early healing period after implant installation.
METHODS
Sixty-seven implants(Osstem implant(R), Seoul, Korea) were included in this study. We evaluated the bone density by 2 methods. The one was the subjective method which was determined by practitioner's tactile sense, the other was the objective bone type was based on Hounsfield units. The implant stability in each bone type group was assessed by resonance frequency analyzer(Osstell mentor(R)). Data were analyzed for the change of the implant stability, and they were compared to verify the difference of groups at the time of installation, 2, 6, 10, 14 weeks postoperatively. Spearman's correlation was used to demonstrate the correlation between the subjective and the objective evaluation of the bone density, and analysis of variance(ANOVA) was used to analyze the differences of implant stability at each time point.
RESULTS
There was no close relation between the subjective and the objective evaluation of the bone density(r=0.57). In the subjective groups, there was statistically significant difference between the type 1 and 3 at 10 weeks and between the type 2 and 3 at 14 weeks. In the objective groups, there was no statistically significant difference between the D 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 group with regard to RFA from baseline to 14 weeks(p>0.1).
CONCLUSIONS
The implant stability increased over time during the study, and it was improved with bone density proportionally after 2weeks postoperatively. It is recommended that the decision of bone density is base on Hounsfield unit for implant loading time.

Keyword

dental Implant; bone density; osseointegration; computed tomography

MeSH Terms

Bone Density
Dental Implants
Osseointegration
Dental Implants

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Measuring RFA was done 2 times buccally and mesially.

• 

  Figure 2 The change pattern of the ISQ mean value over time.

• 

  Figure 3 The change patterns of the ISQ mean value in the subjective grouping over time. *Statistically significant difference (P<0.05).

• 

  Figure 4 The change patterns of the ISQ mean value in the objective grouping over time.

Reference

1. Collaert B, De Bruyn H. Immediate functional loading of TiO blast dental implants in full-arch edentulous maxillae: a 3-year prospective study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008. 19:1254–1260.

2. Abboud M, et al. Immediate loading of single-tooth implants in the posterior region. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2005. 20:61–68.

3. Adell R, Lekholm U, Rockler B, Brånemark PI. A 15 year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Int J Oral Surg. 1981. 6:387–416.

4. Misch CE. Misch CE, editor. Stress Factor: Influence on treatment planning. Dental implant prosthetics. 2005. St Louis: Mosby;71–90.

5. Lekholm U, Zarb GA. Brånemark PI, Zarb GA, Albrektsson T, editors. Patient selection and preparation. Tissue Integrated Prostheses: Osseointegration in Clinical Dentistry. 1985. Chicago: Quintessence;199–209.

6. Misch CE. Bone character: second vital implant criterion. Dent Today. 1988. 7:39–40.

7. Misch CE, Kirocos LT. IMisch CE, editor. Diagnostic imaging and techniques. Contemporary implant dentistry. 1999. ed 2. St Louis: Mosby;73–87.

8. Meredith N, Book K, Friberg B, Jemt T, Sennerby L. Resonance frequency measurements of implant stability in vivo. A cross-sectional and longitudinal study of resonance frequency measurements on implants in the edentulous and partially dentate maxilla. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1997. 8:226–233.

9. Bischof M, Nedir R, Szmukler-Moncler S, Bernard JP, Samson J. Implant stability measurement of delayed and immediately loaded implants during healing. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004. 15:529–539.

10. Nkenke E, Hahn M, Weinzierl K, et al. Implant stability and histomorphometry: a correlation study in human cadavers using stepped cylinder implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003. 14:601–609.

11. Misch CE. Misch CE, editor. Density of bone: Effect on surgical approach, and healing. Contemporary implant dentistry. 1999. St Louis: Mosby-Year Book;371–384.

12. Jaffin RA, Berman CL. The excessive loss of Brånemark fixtures in the type IV bone: a 5-year analysis. J Periodontol. 1991. 62:2–4.

13. Misch CE. Misch CE, editor. Stress Factor: Influence on treatment planning. Dental implant prosthetics. 2005. St Louis: Mosby;71–90.

14. Meredith N, Shagaldi F, Alleyne D, Sennerby L, Cawley P. The application of resonance frequency measurements to study the stability of titanium implants during healing in the rabbit tibia. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1997. 8:234–243.

15. Lang NP, Wilson TG, Corbet EF. Biological complications with dental implants: their prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2000. 11:Suppl 1. 146–155.

16. Sennerby L, Dasmah A, Larsson B, Iverhed M. Bone tissue responses to surface-modified zirconia implants: A histomorphometric and removal torque study in the rabbit. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2005. 7:Suppl 1. S13–S20.

17. Klokkevold PR, Johnson P, Dadgostari S, et al. Early endosseous integration enhanced by dual acid etching of titanium: a torque removal study in the rabbit. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2001. 12:350–357.

18. Brandt J, Bierogel C, Holweg K, Hein W, Grellmann W. Extended push-out test to characterize the failure of bone-implant interface. Biomed Tech. 2005. 50:201–206.

19. Dhert WJ, Verheyen CC, Braak LH, et al. A finite element analysis of the push-out test: influence of test conditions. J Biomed Mater Res. 1992. 26:119–130.

20. Lachmann S, Laval JY, Jäger B, et al. Resonance frequency analysis and damping capacity assessment. Part 2: peri-implant bone loss follow-up. An in vitro study with the Periotest and Osstell instruments. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006. 17:80–84.

21. Olive J, Aparicio C. Periotest method as a measure of osseointegrated oral implant stability. Int J Oral Maxillofac implants. 1990. 5:390–400.

22. Earthman JC, Li Y, VanSchoiack LR, Sheets CG, Wu JC. Reconstructive materials and bone tissue engineering in implant dentistry. Dent Clin N Am. 2006. 50:229–244.

23. Balleri P, Cozzolino A, Ghelli L, Momicchioli G, Varriale A. Stability measurements of osseointegrated implants using Osstell in partially edentulous jaws after 1 year of loading: a pilot study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2002. 4:128–132.

24. Glauser R, Sennerby L, Meredith N, et al. Resonance frequency analysis of implants subjected to immediate or early functional occlusal loading. Successful vs. failing implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004. 15:428–434.