Clin Transplant Res.  2024 Dec;38(4):247-256. 10.4285/ctr.24.0062.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited immune responses in solid organ transplant recipients

• Seo E
• Shin EC
• Jung MK

• KMID: 2563949
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4285/ctr.24.0062

Abstract

Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are considered a high-risk group for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The adaptive immune responses generated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination include humoral and cellular immune responses. Most studies on the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine have focused primarily on humoral immunity, but cellular immunity is vital for effectively controlling progression to severe COVID-19. In SOTRs, the vaccine-induced adaptive immune response is significantly attenuated compared to the response in healthy individuals. Nevertheless, vaccinated SOTRs exhibit a reduced rate and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review aims to provide a concise overview of the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immune responses in SOTRs.

Keyword

Solid organ transplant recipients; SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; Humoral immune responses; Cellular immune responses

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced T cell responses in SOTRs. T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is significantly weaker in SOTRs than in healthy controls. Additional booster vaccinations have increased the frequency of virus-specific T cells, CD45RA+ effector memory (TEMRA) subpopulations, and cytokine-producing capacity, although SOTRs exhibit lesser T cell responses compared to healthy controls. Boosting vaccinations might contribute to lower breakthrough infection rates and reduced disease severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SOTRs, solid organ transplant recipients.

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