Anesth Pain Med.  2024 Jan;19(1):24-34. 10.17085/apm.23096.

Challenging issues of implementing enhanced recovery after surgery programs in South Korea

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
  • 2Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Abstract

This review discusses the challenges of implementing enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs in South Korea. ERAS is a patient-centered perioperative care approach that aims to improve postoperative recovery by minimizing surgical stress and complications. While ERAS has demonstrated significant benefits, its successful implementation faces various barriers such as a lack of manpower and policy support, poor communication and collaboration among perioperative members, resistance to shifting away from outdated practices, and patient-specific risk factors. This review emphasizes the importance of understanding these factors to tailor effective strategies for successful ERAS implementation in South Korea’s unique healthcare setting. In this review, we aim to shed light on the current status of ERAS in South Korea and identify key barriers. We hope to encourage Korean anesthesiologists to take a leading role in adopting the ERAS program as the standard for perioperative care. Ultimately, our goal is to improve the surgical outcomes of patients using this proactive approach.

Keyword

Anesthesiologists; Enhanced Recovery After Surgery; Perioperative care; Perioperative medicine; Quality of healthcare; Surgery

Figure

  • Fig. 1. A schematic diagram describing the relationship between interprofessional collaboration and patient recovery after surgery. When there is considerable distance and limited interconnection among professions, surgical patients face a higher risk of “falling” into perioperative stress until they reach recovery (above). Conversely, with robust interprofessional collaboration and communication, patients can minimize exposure to perioperative stress and achieve faster and enhanced recovery (below).


Reference

1. Ljungqvist O, Scott M, Fearon KC. Enhanced recovery after surgery a review. JAMA Surg. 2017; 152:292–8.
2. Kehlet H. Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation. Br J Anaesth. 1997; 78:606–17.
Article
3. Aarts MA, Rotstein OD, Pearsall EA, Victor JC, Okrainec A, McKenzie M, et al. Postoperative ERAS interventions have the greatest impact on optimal recovery. Ann Surg. 2018; 267:992–7.
Article
4. Ripollés-Melchor J, Ramírez-Rodríguez JM, Casans-Francés R, Aldecoa C, Abad-Motos A, Logroño-Egea M, et al. Association between use of enhanced recovery after surgery protocol and postoperative complications in colorectal surgery: the Postoperative Outcomes Within Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol (POWER) study. JAMA Surg. 2019; 154:725–36.
Article
5. Simpson JC, Moonesinghe SR, Grocott MPW, Kuper M, McMeeking A, Oliver CM, et al. Enhanced recovery from surgery in the UK: an audit of the enhanced recovery partnership programme 2009-2012. Br J Anaesth. 2015; 115:560–8.
Article
6. Ljungqvist O, De Boer HD, Balfour A, Fawcett WJ, Lobo DN, Nelson G, et al. Opportunities and challenges for the next phase of enhanced recovery after Surgery: a review. JAMA Surg. 2021; 156:775–84.
7. Lyon A, Solomon MJ, Harrison JD. A qualitative study assessing the barriers to implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery. World J Surg. 2014; 38:1374–80.
Article
8. Jeong O, Kim HG. Implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program in perioperative management of gastric cancer surgery: a nationwide survey in Korea. J Gastric Cancer. 2019; 19:72–82.
Article
9. Shin SH, Kang W, Han IW, You Y, Lee H, Kim H, et al. National survey of Korean hepatobiliary-pancreatic surgeons on attitudes about the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol. Ann Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surg. 2020; 24:477–83.
Article
10. Kim EY, Lee IK. Survey and analysis of the application and implementations of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program for surgical patients in the major hospitals in Korea. Surg Metab Nutr. 2019; 10:32–45.
Article
11. Choi BY, Bae JH, Lee CS, Han SR, Lee YS, Lee IK. Implementation and improvement of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols for colorectal cancer surgery. Ann Surg Treat Res. 2022; 102:223–33.
Article
12. Jeong O, Ryu SY, Park YK. Postoperative functional recovery after gastrectomy in patients undergoing enhanced recovery after surgery: a prospective assessment using standard discharge criteria. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016; 95:e3140.
13. Son J, Jeong H, Yun J, Jeon YJ, Lee J, Shin S, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery program and opioid consumption in pulmonary resection surgery: a retrospective observational study. Anesth Analg. 2023; 136:719–27.
Article
14. Hwang DW, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Song KB, Kim MH, Lee SK, et al. Effect of enhanced recovery after surgery program on pancreaticoduodenectomy: a randomized controlled trial. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2019; 26:360–9.
Article
15. Koh W, Lee CS, Bae JH, Al-Sawat A, Lee IK, Jin HY. Clinical validation of implementing enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in elderly colorectal cancer patients. Ann Coloproctol. 2022; 38:47–52.
Article
16. Jalloun HE, Lee IK, Kim MK, Sung NY, Al Turkistani SA, Park SM, et al. Influence of the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol on postoperative inflammation and short-term postoperative surgical outcomes after colorectal cancer surgery. Ann Coloproctol. 2020; 36:264–72.
Article
17. Won HR, An JY, Lee JJ, Kim DY, Jang JY, Kim CH, et al. The effectiveness of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in head and neck cancer surgery with free-flap reconstruction. Ann Surg Treat Res. 2019; 97:239–44.
Article
18. Jeong O, Jang A, Jung MR, Kang JH, Ryu SY. The benefits of enhanced recovery after surgery for gastric cancer: a large before-and-after propensity score matching study. Clin Nutr. 2021; 40:2162–8.
Article
19. Kim BY, Park SH, Park KJ, Ryoo SB. Effects of a surgical ward care protocol following open colon surgery as part of an enhanced recovery after surgery programme. J Clin Nurs. 2017; 26:3336–44.
Article
20. Heo DH, Park CK. Clinical results of percutaneous biportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion with application of enhanced recovery after surgery. Neurosurg Focus. 2019; 46:E18.
Article
21. Cho HJ, Lee IK, Lee YS, Yun SS, Park SC, Kim JY, et al. Application of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis program in patients with colorectal cancer using the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2022; 48:1384–9.
Article
22. Kim DH, Yoon YS, Han HS, Cho JY, Lee JS, Lee B. Effect of enhanced recovery after surgery program on hospital stay and 90-day readmission after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a single, tertiary center experience in Korea. Ann Surg Treat Res. 2021; 100:76–85.
Article
23. Roh CK, Son SY, Lee SY, Hur H, Han SU. Clinical pathway for enhanced recovery after surgery for gastric cancer: a prospective single-center phase II clinical trial for safety and efficacy. J Surg Oncol. 2020; 121:662–9.
Article
24. Kang SH, Lee Y, Min SH, Park YS, Ahn SH, Park DJ, et al. Multimodal enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program is the optimal perioperative care in patients undergoing totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Ann Surg Oncol. 2018; 25:3231–8.
Article
25. Heo DH, Jang JW, Park CK. Enhanced recovery after surgery pathway with modified biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion using a large cage. Comparative study with minimally invasive microscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Eur Spine J. 2023; 32:2853–62.
Article
26. Kim WJ, Jin HY, Lee H, Bae JH, Koh W, Mun JY, et al. Comparing the postoperative outcomes of single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy and three port appendectomy with enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for acute appendicitis: a propensity score matching analysis. Ann Coloproctol. 2021; 37:232–8.
Article
27. Joliat GR, Ljungqvist O, Wasylak T, Peters O, Demartines N. Beyond surgery: clinical and economic impact of enhanced recovery after surgery programs. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018; 18:1008.
Article
28. Stone AB, Yuan CT, Rosen MA, Grant MC, Benishek LE, Hanahan E, et al. Barriers to and facilitators of implementing enhanced recovery pathways using an implementation framework: a systematic review. JAMA Surg. 2018; 153:270–9.
Article
29. McLeod RS, Aarts MA, Chung F, Eskicioglu C, Forbes S, Conn LG, et al. Development of an enhanced recovery after surgery guideline and implementation strategy based on the knowledge-to-action cycle. Ann Surg. 2015; 262:1016–25.
Article
30. Pearsall EA, Meghji Z, Pitzul KB, Aarts MA, McKenzie M, McLeod RS, et al. A qualitative study to understand the barriers and enablers in implementing an enhanced recovery after surgery program. Ann Surg. 2015; 261:92–6.
Article
31. Pearsall E, Okrainec A. Overcoming barriers to the implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery program. In: the SAGES / ERAS® Society manual of enhanced recovery programs for gastrointestinal surgery. Edited by Feldman L, Delaney C, Ljungqvist O, Carli F: Switzerland, Springer. 2015, pp 205-14.
32. Wang D, Liu Z, Zhou J, Yang J, Chen X, Chang C, et al. Barriers to implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) by a multidisciplinary team in China: a multicentre qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2022; 12:e053687.
Article
33. Springer JE, Doumouras AG, Lethbridge S, Forbes S, Eskicioglu C. A provincial assessment of the barriers and utilization of enhanced recovery after colorectal surgery. J Surg Res. 2019; 235:521–8.
Article
34. Von Meyenfeldt EM, Van Nassau F, De Betue CTI, Barberio L, Schreurs WH, Marres GMH, et al. Implementing an enhanced recovery after thoracic surgery programme in the Netherlands: a qualitative study investigating facilitators and barriers for implementation. BMJ Open. 2022; 12:e051513.
Article
35. Pickens RC, Cochran AR, Lyman WB, King L, Iannitti DA, Martinie JB, et al. Impact of multidisciplinary audit of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)® programs at a single institution. World J Surg. 2021; 45:23–32.
Article
36. Currie A, Soop M, Demartines N, Fearon K, Kennedy R, Ljungqvist O. Enhanced recovery after surgery interactive audit system: 10 years’ experience with an international web-based clinical and research perioperative care database. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2019; 32:75–81.
Article
37. Epstein AM, Lee TH, Hamel MB. Paying physicians for high-quality care. N Engl J Med. 2004; 350:406–10.
Article
38. Roulin D, Donadini A, Gander S, Griesser AC, Blanc C, Hübner M, et al. Cost-effectiveness of the implementation of an enhanced recovery protocol for colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2013; 100:1108–14.
Article
39. Joliat GR, Labgaa I, Petermann D, Hübner M, Griesser AC, Demartines N, et al. Cost-benefit analysis of an enhanced recovery protocol for pancreaticoduodenectomy. Br J Surg. 2015; 102:1676–83.
Article
40. Stone AB, Grant MC, Pio Roda C, Hobson D, Pawlik T, Wu CL, et al. Implementation costs of an enhanced recovery after surgery program in the United States: a financial model and sensitivity analysis based on experiences at a quaternary academic medical center. J Am Coll Surg. 2016; 222:219–25.
Article
41. Luzuy-Guarnero V, Gronnier C, Figuereido S, Mantziari S, Schäfer M, Demartines N, et al. Cost-benefit analysis of an enhanced recovery program for gastrectomy a retrospective controlled analysis. World J Surg. 2021; 45:3249–57.
Article
42. Petersen J, Kloth B, Konertz J, Kubitz J, Schulte-Uentrop L, Ketels G, et al. Economic impact of enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in minimally invasive cardiac surgery. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021; 21:254.
Article
43. Kain ZN, Vakharia S, Garson L, Engwall S, Schwarzkopf R, Gupta R, et al. The perioperative surgical home as a future perioperative practice model. Anesth Analg. 2014; 118:1126–30.
Article
44. Duncan MJ. Perioperative surgical home, fixing a fragmented process to improve quality of care. Mo Med. 2019; 116:53–7.
45. Bedwell GJ, Dias P, Hahnle L, Anaeli A, Baker T, Beane A, et al. Barriers to quality perioperative care delivery in low- and middle-income countries: a qualitative rapid appraisal study. Anesth Analg. 2022; 135:1217–32.
Article
46. Cohen R, Gooberman-Hill R. Staff experiences of enhanced recovery after surgery: systematic review of qualitative studies. BMJ Open. 2019; 9:e022259.
Article
47. Cabana MD, Rand CS, Powe NR, Wu AW, Wilson MH, Abboud PA, et al. Why don't physicians follow clinical practice guidelines? A framework for improvement. JAMA. 1999; 282:1458–65.
Article
48. Morris ZS, Wooding S, Grant J. The answer is 17 years, what is the question: understanding time lags in translational research. J R Soc Med. 2011; 104:510–20.
Article
49. Smith I, Kranke P, Murat I, Smith A, O’Sullivan G, Søreide E, et al. Perioperative fasting in adults and children: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2011; 28:556–69.
50. Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration: Application to Healthy Patients Undergoing Elective Procedures: An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration. Anesthesiology. 2017; 126:376–93.
51. Fawcett WJ, Thomas M. Pre-operative fasting in adults and children: clinical practice and guidelines. Anaesthesia. 2019; 74:83–8.
Article
52. Braga M, Pecorelli N, Scatizzi M, Borghi F, Missana G, Radrizzani D, et al. Enhanced recovery program in high-risk patients undergoing colorectal surgery: results from the PeriOperative Italian Society registry. World J Surg. 2017; 41:860–7.
Article
53. Park SH, Kang SH, Lee SJ, Won Y, Park YS, Ahn SH, et al. Actual compliance rate of enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. J Minim Invasive Surg. 2021; 24:184–90.
Article
54. Renz BW, Kasparek MS, Seeliger H, Worthley DL, Jauch KW, Kreis ME, et al. The CR-POSSUM risk calculator predicts failure of enhanced recovery after colorectal surgery. Acta Chir Belg. 2015; 115:20–6.
Article
55. Slieker J, Frauche P, Jurt J, Addor V, Blanc C, Demartines N, et al. Enhanced recovery ERAS for elderly: a safe and beneficial pathway in colorectal surgery. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2017; 32:215–21.
Article
56. Hajibandeh S, Hajibandeh S, Bill V, Satyadas T. Meta-analysis of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in emergency abdominal surgery. World J Surg. 2020; 44:1336–48.
Article
57. Archer T, Macario A. The drive for operating room efficiency will increase quality of patient care. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2006; 19:171–6.
Article
58. Thanh NX, Chuck AW, Wasylak T, Lawrence J, Faris P, Ljungqvist O, et al. An economic evaluation of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) multisite implementation program for colorectal surgery in Alberta. Can J Surg. 2016; 59:415–21.
Article
59. How KY, Tan JJE, Roxas MFT. ERAS® Society and Asia. In: Enhanced recovery after surgery. Edited by Ljungqvist O, Francis N, Urman R: Switzerland, Springer. 2020, pp 617-22.
60. Wang T, Deng X, Huang Y, Fleisher LA, Xiong L. Road to perioperative medicine: a perspective from China. Anesth Analg. 2019; 129:905–7.
Article
61. Jiang Z, Li J. [Current status of enhanced recovery after surgery in China]. Chinese J Gastrointest Surg. 2016; 19:246–9. Chinese.
62. China Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Group of Chinese Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. [Chinese consensus of enhanced recovery after surgery for colorectal surgery (2015)]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2015; 18:785–7. Chinese.
63. Jia W, Liu W, Qiao X. Chinese expert consensus on enhanced recovery after hepatectomy (version 2017). Asian J Surg. 2019; 42:11–8.
Article
64. Collaboration for healthcare system improvement between the departments of general surgery and anesthesiology in the operating room. Daily Medi 2023 May 13 [2023 Aug 2]. Available from https://www.dailymedi.com/news/news_view.php?wr_id=897624.
Full Text Links
  • APM
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr