Restor Dent Endod.  2021 Nov;46(4):e51. 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e51.

Errors in light-emitting diodes positioning when curing bulk fill and incremental composites: impact on properties after aging

• Balhaddad AA
• Garcia IM
• Maktabi H
• Ibrahim MS
• Alkhubaizi Q
• Strassler H
• Collares FM
• Melo MAS

• KMID: 2548095
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e51

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of improper positioning single-peak and multi-peak lights on color change, microhardness of bottom and top, and surface topography of bulk fill and incremental composites after artificial aging for 1 year.
Materials and Methods
Bulk fill and incremental composites were cured using multi-peak and single-peak light-emitting diode (LED) following 4 clinical conditions: (1) optimal condition (no angulation or tip displacement), (2) tip-displacement (2 mm), (3) slight tip angulation (α = 20°) and (4) moderate tip angulation (α = 35°). After 1-year of water aging, the specimens were analyzed for color changes (ΔE), Vickers hardness, surface topography (Ra, Rt, and Rv), and scanning electron microscopy.
Results
For samples cured by single-peak LED, the improper positioning significantly increases the color change compared to the optimal position regardless of the type of composite (p < 0.001). For multi-peak LED, the type of resin composite and the curing condition displayed a significant effect on ΔE (p < 0.001). For both LEDs, the Vickers hardness and bottom/top ratio of Vickers hardness were affected by the type of composite and the curing condition (p < 0.01).
Conclusions
The bulk fill composite presented greater resistance to wear, higher color stability, and better microhardness than the incremental composite when subjected to improper curing. The multi-peak LED improves curing under improper conditions compared to single-peak LED. Prevention of errors when curing composites requires the attention of all personnel involved in the patient's care once the clinical relevance of the appropriate polymerization reflects on reliable long-term outcomes.

Keyword

Composite resins; Curing lights, dental; Dental restoration, permanent; Dentistry, operative; Polymerization

Figure

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  Figure 1 Schematic drawing showing the design of the study. Bulk fill and incremental composites were cured with single-peak and multi-peak LCUs following different conditions (optimal, 2 mm distance, slight angulation, and moderate angulation). The samples were prepared using customized 3D molds to standardization of the distance and angulations. The design of each mold was elaborated to allow the LCU tip to maintain the distance or the specific angulation (20° or 35°) in relation to the composite surface. The composites were aged for 1 year, and then the color stability, Vickers hardness, bottom/top ratio of Vickers hardness, and surface topography parameters were investigated.LED, light-emitting diode; LCU, light-curing unit.

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  Figure 2 The color change is expressed by ΔE of the bulk fill and incremental composites cured using single-peak (A) and multi-peak (B) following different curing conditions. Values indicated by different letters are statistically different from each other (p < 0.05).LED, light-emitting diode.

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  Figure 3 The vickers hardness values of the top (A) and bottom (B) surfaces of bulk fill and incremental composites cured using single-peak light-curing unit following different curing conditions. Values indicated by different letters are statistically different from each other (p < 0.05).LED, light-emitting diode.

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  Figure 4 The Vickers hardness values of the top (A) and bottom (B) surfaces of bulk fill and incremental composites cured using multi-peak light-curing unit following different curing conditions. Values indicated by different letters are statistically different from each other (p < 0.05).LED, light-emitting diode.

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  Figure 5 The bottom/top ratio of Vickers hardness of bulk fill and incremental composite cured using single-peak (A) and multi-peak (B) following different curing conditions. Values indicated by different letters are statistically different from each other (p < 0.05).LED, light-emitting diode.

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  Figure 6 Scanning electron microscopy images for bulk fill and incremental composites cured with single-peak (A-D) and multi-peak (E-H) light-curing unit following the optimal and moderate angulation conditions. The incremental composite was associated with excessive topography changes and alterations compared to bulk fill composites.LED, light-emitting diode.

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