Korean J Health Promot.  2023 Sep;23(3):139-146. 10.15384/kjhp.2023.23.3.139.

Comparison of Sleep Quality between Families of Dementia Patients and General Population in Community: Analysis with the Korea Community Health Survey

• Kim M
• Lee YH

• KMID: 2546776
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.15384/kjhp.2023.23.3.139

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to examine the difference of sleep quality between family members of dementia patients and general population in community.
Methods
Participants (n=215,676) aged 19 years and over in the 2018 Korea Community Health Survey were classified into three groups; family members living at home with a person with dementia (FHD; n=2,445), family members living separately from a person with dementia (FSD; n=9,132), and family members without a person with dementia in the family (FwoD; n=204,099). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index greater than 6 points was regarded as poor sleep quality (PSQ). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the associations between living with dementia patients and PSQ.
Results
The prevalence of PSQ was 48.3% in FHD, 40.7% in FSD, and 38.8% in FwoD. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to FwoD, the odds ratio for PSQ was 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-1.54) in FHD and 1.22 (95% CI, 1.17-1.27) in FSD. Additionally, almost all age- and sex-stratified family of dementia patients, except for the youngest (<40 years) men of FHD and the youngest (<40 years) men of FSD, had a higher risk for PSQ than FwoD.
Conclusions
Both FHD and FSD have lower sleep quality than FwoD. Public psychological interventions and supports are needed to family members of dementia patients in the community.

Keyword

Dementia; Family; Sleep quality; Health surveys

Reference

1. GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Collaborators. Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Public Health. 2022. 7(2):e105–25.

2. National Institute of Dementia. Korean dementia observatory 2022 [Internet]. Seoul: National Institute of Dementia; 2023 [cited Jun 30, 2023]. Available from: https://www.nid.or.kr/info/dataroom_view.aspx?bid=257.

3. Gaugler JE, Kane RL, Kane RA, Newcomer R. Early community-based service utilization and its effects on institutionalization in dementia caregiving. Gerontologist. 2005; 45(2):177–85.

4. National Institute of Dementia. 2018 National institute of dementia annual report [Internet]. Seoul: National Institute of Dementia; 2019 [cited Jun 30, 2023]. Available from: https://www.nid.or.kr/info/dataroom_view.aspx?bid=183.

5. Alzheimer’s Association. 2018 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s Dement. 2018; 14(3):367–429.

6. Huang CY, Sousa VD, Perng SJ, Hwang MY, Tsai CC, Huang MH, et al. Stressors, social support, depressive symptoms and general health status of Taiwanese caregivers of persons with stroke or Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Nurs. 2009; 18(4):502–11.

7. Pinquart M, Sörensen S. Correlates of physical health of informal caregivers: a meta-analysis. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2007; 62(2):126–37.

8. Lee HS. Caregiver burden in caring for elders before and after long-term care service in Korea. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2012; 42(2):236–47.

9. Peng HL, Chang YP. Sleep disturbance in family caregivers of individuals with dementia: a review of the literature. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2013; 49(2):135–46.

10. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989; 28(2):193–213.

11. Yoo KS, So ES. The effectiveness of dementia education for the nursing method of family caregivers of the demented elderly. Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2014; 25(2):97–108.

12. Choi YS, Bae JH, Kim NH, Tae YS. Factors influencing burden among family caregivers of elderly cancer patients. Asian Oncol Nurs. 2016; 16(1):20–9.

13. Gao C, Chapagain NY, Scullin MK. Sleep duration and sleep quality in caregivers of patients with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2019; 2(8):e199891.

14. Benge JF, Dinh KL, Logue E, Phenis R, Dasse MN, Scullin MK. The smartphone in the memory clinic: a study of patient and care partner's utilisation habits. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2020; 30(1):101–15.

15. Scullin MK, Krueger ML, Ballard HK, Pruett N, Bliwise DL. The effects of bedtime writing on difficulty falling asleep: a polysomnographic study comparing to-do lists and completed activity lists. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2018; 147(1):139–46.

16. Cupidi C, Realmuto S, Lo Coco G, Cinturino A, Talamanca S, Arnao V, et al. Sleep quality in caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease and its relationship to quality of life. Int Psychogeriatr. 2012; 24(11):1827–35.

17. Oken BS, Fonareva I, Wahbeh H. Stress-related cognitive dysfunction in dementia caregivers. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2011; 24(4):191–8.

18. Bubu OM, Brannick M, Mortimer J, Umasabor-Bubu O, Sebastião YV, Wen Y, et al. Sleep, cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep. 2017; 40(1):zsw032.

19. Yoon B, Shim YS, Kim YD, Lee KO, Na SJ, Hong YJ, et al. Who takes care of patients with dementia in Korea: a study on the present state of patients with dementia living alone and primary caregivers. Dement Neurocogn Disord. 2012; 11(1):13–7.

20. Xu XY, Kwan RYC, Leung AYM. Factors associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease in family caregivers of people with dementia: a systematic review. J Int Med Res. 2020; 48(1):300060–519845472.

21. Mills PJ, Ancoli-Israel S, von Känel R, Mausbach BT, Aschbacher K, Patterson TL, et al. Effects of gender and dementia severity on Alzheimer's disease caregivers' sleep and biomarkers of coagulation and inflammation. Brain Behav Immun. 2009; 23(5):605–10.

22. von Känel R, Ancoli-Israel S, Dimsdale JE, Mills PJ, Mausbach BT, Ziegler MG, et al. Sleep and biomarkers of atherosclerosis in elderly Alzheimer caregivers and controls. Gerontology. 2010; 56(1):41–50.