Korean J Women Health Nurs.  2023 Mar;29(1):5-11. 10.4069/kjwhn.2023.03.13.

Application of sex/gender-specific medicine in healthcare

• Kim N

• KMID: 2543797
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2023.03.13

Figure

• 

  Figure 1. A baby with deformed toe after maternal thalidomide intake. Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.

• 

  Figure 2. QT interval in normal echocardiogram. Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.

• 

  Figure 3. How sex and gender are closely interrelated in determining health. Adapted from Regitz-Zagrosek [20] with a permission from EMBO Press.

Reference

References

1. Kim N. Sex/gender-specific medicine in the gastrointestinal diseases. Seoul: SnC Publishing Co. Inc.;2021.

2. Kim N. Sex/gender-specific medicine in the gastrointestinal diseases. Singapore: Springer;2022.

3. Kim N. Sex/gender-specific medicine in clinical areas. Seoul: SnC Publishing Co. Inc.;2022.

4. Vargesson N. Thalidomide-induced teratogenesis: history and mechanisms. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2015; 105(2):140–156. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdrc.21096.

5. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act (FDAMA) of 1997 [Internet]. Rockville, MD: FDA;1997. [cited 2022 Apr 25]. Available from: https://www.congress.gov/105/plaws/publ115/PLAW-105publ115.pdf.

6. Arnott W. Cisapride and the Vanessa Young inquest. CMAJ. 2001; 165(4):395.

7. Pirestani J. Ambien: does this popular sleep medication turn people into zombies? [Internet]. Cranbury, NJ: Parmacy Times;2017. Jul 18 [cited 2023 Mar 14]. Available from: https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/ambien-does-this-popular-sleep-medication-turn-people-into-zombies.

8. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). FDA Drug Safety Communications. Risk of next-morning impairment after use of insomnia drugs; FDA requires lower recommended doses for certain drugs containing zolpidem (Ambien, Ambien CR, Edluar, and Zolpimist) [Internet]. Rockville, MD: FDA;2018. [cited 2023 Mar 14]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/files/drugs/published/Drug-Safety-Communication--Risk-of-next-morning-impairment-after-use-of-insomnia-drugs--FDA-requires-lower-recommended-doses-for-certain-drugs-containing-zolpidem-%28Ambien--Ambien-CR--Edluar--and-Zolpimist%29.pdf.

9. Lee MY, Kim EJ, Shin A, Kim YS. How to study the sex and gender effect in biomedical research? Korean J Gastroenterol. 2021; 77(3):104–114. https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2021.020.

10. National Institutes of Health (NIH). Consideration of sex as a biological variable in NIH-funded research [Internet]. Bethesda, MD: NIH;2015. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sex-gender/nih-policy-sex-biological-variable.

11. Johnson SM, Karvonen CA, Phelps CL, Nader S, Sanborn BM. Assessment of analysis by gender in the Cochrane reviews as related to treatment of cardiovascular disease. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2003; 12(5):449–457. https://doi.org/10.1089/154099903766651577.

12. Legato MJ, Johnson PA, Manson JE. Consideration of sex differences in medicine to improve health care and patient outcomes. JAMA. 2016; 316(18):1865–1866. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.13995.

13. Johnson JL, Beaudet A. Sex and gender reporting in health research: why Canada should be a leader. Can J Public Health. 2012; 104(1):e80–e81. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03405660.

14. European Commission. H2020 programme: guidance on gender equality in Horizon 2020, version 2.0 [Internet]. Brussels: European Commission;2016. [cited 2021 Jan 13]. Available from: https://eige.europa.eu/sites/default/files/h2020-hi-guide-gender_en.pdf.

15. McNutt M. Journals unite for reproducibility. Science. 2014; 346(6210):679. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa1724.

16. Heidari S, Babor TF, De Castro P, Tort S, Curno M. Sex and gender equity in research: rationale for the SAGER guidelines and recommended use. Res Integr Peer Rev. 2016; 1:2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41073-016-0007-6.

17. Kilkenny C, Browne WJ, Cuthill IC, Emerson M, Altman DG. Improving bioscience research reporting: the ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biol. 2010; 8(6):e1000412. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000412.

18. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Recommendations for the conduct, reporting, editing, and publication of scholarly work in medical journals [Internet]. ICMJE;2019; [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf.

19. Cremer PC, Wu Y, Ahmed HM, Pierson LM, Brennan DM, Al-Mallah MH, et al. Use of sex-specific clinical and exercise risk scores to identify patients at increased risk for all-cause mortality. JAMA Cardiol. 2017; 2(1):15–22. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2016.3720.

20. Regitz-Zagrosek V. Sex and gender differences in health. Science & Society Series on Sex and Science. EMBO Rep. 2012; 13(7):596–603. https://doi.org/10.1038/embor.2012.87.

21. Holingue C, Budavari AC, Rodriguez KM, Zisman CR, Windheim G, Fallin MD. Sex differences in the gut-brain axis: implications for mental health. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2020; 22(12):83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01202-y.