J Korean Med Sci.  2023 Feb;38(8):e57. 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e57.

Two Case Reports of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy After COVID-19 Vaccination

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
  • 2Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Sejong, Korea

Abstract

The occurrence of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rarely been reported. We describe two patients who were diagnosed with CIDP after COVID-19 vaccination. A 72-year-old man presented with a progressive tingling sensation and weakness below both knees for two weeks. He had been vaccinated against COVID-19 (mRNA-1273 vaccine) a month before the appearance of symptoms. Demyelinating polyneuropathy was observed in the nerve conduction studies (NCS). Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) was administered under the diagnosis of GuillainBarré syndrome (GBS), and his symptoms were improved. However, his symptoms relapsed at 10 weeks from the onset. Oral prednisolone, azathioprine, and IVIg were administered as treatment. The second case was a 50-year-old man who complained of a bilateral leg tingling sensation and gait disturbance lasting four weeks. He had received the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against COVID-19 five weeks prior. Demyelinating polyneuropathy was observed in the NCS. He was treated with oral prednisolone, azathioprine, and IVIg for CIDP because his symptoms had lasted for more than 12 weeks from the onset. A causal relationship has not been established between COVID-19 vaccination and CIDP; however, CIDP may follow COVID-19 vaccination. As CIDP treatment is different from that for GBS, clinicians should closely monitor patients diagnosed with GBS associated with COVID-19 whether they deteriorate after initial treatment.

Keyword

COVID-19 Vaccines; Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP); Peripheral Nervous System Diseases

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Waveform of NCS of case 1. (A-D) Initial NCS of bilateral lower extremities: (A) right tibial nerve; (B) left tibial nerve; (C) right fibular nerve; (D) left fibular nerve. (E-H) Second NCS. The demyelinating polyneuropathy were improved after intravenous immunoglobulin administration: (E) right tibial nerve; (F) left tibial nerve; (G) right fibular nerve; (H) left fibular nerve. (I-L) Third NCS. The recurrence occurred: (I) right tibial nerve; (J) left tibial nerve; (K) right fibular nerve; (L) left fibular nerve. (M-P) Fourth NCS. The demyelinating polyneuropathy aggravated after tapering of oral prednisolone (30 → 15 mg): (M) right tibial nerve; (N) left tibial nerve; (O) right fibular nerve; (P) left fibular nerve.NCS = nerve conduction studies.

  • Fig. 2 Waveform of NCS of case 2. (A-D) Initial NCS of bilateral lower extremities: (A) right tibial nerve; (B) left tibial nerve; (C) right fibular nerve; (D) left fibular nerve. (E-H) Second NCS. The demyelinating polyneuropathy aggravated despite of high-dose oral prednisolone: (E) right tibial nerve; (F) left tibial nerve; (G) right fibular nerve; (H) left fibular nerve. (I-L) Third NCS. The demyelinating polyneuropathy were improved after oral prednisolone (15 mg/day), azathioprine, and intravenous immunoglobulin administration: (I) right tibial nerve; (J) left tibial nerve; (K) right fibular nerve; (L) left fibular nerve.NCS = nerve conduction studies


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