J Agric Med Community Health.  2022 Dec;47(4):268-274. 10.5393/JAMCH.2022.47.4.268.

Multilevel Analysis on the Risk Factors for Depression in Jeollabuk-do

• Sohn J

• KMID: 2538499
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5393/JAMCH.2022.47.4.268

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to identify the individual and regional risk factors on depression using community-based data in Jeollabuk-do.
Methods
This cross-sectional study obtained data from the Community Health Survey 2018 in Jeollabuk-do. The dependent variable was depression measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The prevalence of depression was defined if total score of PHQ-9 was 10 or higher. A multilevel analysis was conducted to consider individual and regional level independent variables that could be risk factors for depression.
Results
In the individual level, female gender and smokers had significantly higher odds ratios (ORs) for depression of 1.58 and 1.72, respectively. Subjects with economic activity, higher income and higher education had significantly lower ORs of 0.53, 0.41 and 0.66. In the regional level, higher greening rates and lower levels of PM _2.5 had statistically lower ORs at the significance level of 10%.
Conclusion
By conducting this study, risk factors associated with depression were identified in individualand regional-level. This study suggests that health projects are needed to control regional level risk factors including community networks for mental health management in addition to the traditional individual level risk factors.

Keyword

Depression; Risk factor; Multilevel analysis