Air Pollution and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Mortality: A Stronger Association in Women than in Men
- Affiliations
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- 1Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 2Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- 3Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 5Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
- 6Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 7Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- KMID: 2534274
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.5853/jos.2022.02180
Figure
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Figure 1. Spatial distributions of the concentrations of (A) carbon monoxide, (B) nitrogen dioxide, (C) sulfur dioxide, and (D) particulate matter of size ≤10 µm, the mortality rates from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the (E) males, and (F) females.
Figure 2. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of estimated associations between age-adjusted subarachnoid hemorrhage mortality rate and air pollutants’ concentrations in (A) both the sexes and (B) male and females with multivariable beta-regression models controlling for population density, higher education rate, smoking rate, obesity rate, gross regional domestic production per capita, ambient temperature, humidity, and pressure per interquartile range change of air pollutant concentrations (carbon monoxide [CO] 148 ppb; nitrogen dioxide [NO2] 12.2 ppb; sulfur dioxide [SO2] 1.41 ppb; particulate matter 10 µm or less in diameter [PM10] 9.4 μg/m3) in males and females in 249 South Korean administrative districts between 2001 and 2018.
Reference
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References
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