Acute Crit Care.  2022 May;37(2):247-255. 10.4266/acc.2021.01396.

Determination of risk factors associated with surgical site infection in patients undergoing preperitoneal pelvic packing for unstable pelvic fracture

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
  • 2Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
  • 3Trauma Center, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea
  • 4Wonju Severance Pelvic Bone Research Group, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
  • 5Department of Surgery, Trauma Center, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea

Abstract

Background
Several recent studies have shown that preperitoneal pelvic packing (PPP) effectively produces hemostasis in patients with unstable pelvic fractures. However, few studies have examined the rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients undergoing PPP following an unstable pelvic fracture. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate factors associated with SSI in such patients.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 188 patients who developed hemorrhagic shock due to pelvic fracture between April 2012 and May 2021. Forty-four patients were enrolled in this study.
Results
SSI occurred in 15 of 44 patients (34.1%). The SSIs occurred more frequently in cases of repacking during the second-look surgery (0 vs. 4 [26.7%], P=0.010) and combined bladder-urethra injury (1 [3.4%] vs. 4 [26.7%], P=0.039). The incidence of SSIs was not significantly different between patients undergoing depacking within or after 48 hours (12 [41.4%] vs. 5 [33.3%], P=0.603). The mean time to diagnosis of SSI was 8.1±3.9 days from PPP. The most isolated organism was Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Conclusions
Repacking and combined bladder-urethra injury are potential risk factors for SSI in patients with unstable pelvic fracture. Close observation is recommended for up to 8 days in patients with these risk factors. Further, 48 hours after PPP, removing the packed gauze on cessation of bleeding and not performing repacking can help prevent SSI. Additional analyses are necessary with a larger number of patients with the potential risk factors identified in this study.

Keyword

bone fractures; pelvic bone; surgical wound infection

Figure

  • Figure 1. Patient flowchart. PPP: preperitoneal pelvic packing; SSI: surgical-site infection.


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