Obstet Gynecol Sci.  2022 Mar;65(2):125-132. 10.5468/ogs.21322.

Contraception in the COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations from the Korean society of contraception and reproductive health

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
  • 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
  • 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
  • 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
  • 5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
  • 6Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
  • 7Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a systemic inflammatory response that activates coagulation in symptomatic patients. In addition, a rare form of thrombosis has been reported in people who received the COVID-19 vaccine, most of whom were women younger than 50 years of age. Considering that hormonal contraceptive methods widely used by women of childbearing age increase the risk of thrombosis, the development of guidelines for the use of hormonal contraceptives in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic is necessary. In this context, the Korean Society of Contraception and Reproductive Health provides guidelines for issues regarding contraception and reproductive health during the pandemic.

Keyword

COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccines; Contraception; Contraceptives; oral; combined; Long-acting reversible contraception

Cited by  2 articles

Contraception, vaccination and coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: correspondence
Pathum Sookaromdee, Viroj Wiwanitkit
Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2022;65(3):279-280.    doi: 10.5468/ogs.22045.

Knowledge and Acceptability of the COVID-19 Vaccine Among Obstetricians and Gynecologists in Korea, and Factors Affecting Its Recommendation in the Pregnant Population
Bo Yun Choi, Heesu Yoon, Won Joon Seong, Geum Joon Cho, Sunghun Na, Young Mi Jung, Hyun Sun Ko, Joong Shin Park
J Korean Soc Matern Child Health. 2022;26(4):245-253.    doi: 10.21896/jksmch.2022.26.4.245.


Reference

References

1. World Health Organization. Pulse survey on continuity of essential health services during the COVID-19 pandemic: interim report 27 August 2020 [Internet]. Geneva (CH): World Health Organization;c2020. [cited 2021 Sep 15]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-EHS_continuity-survey-2020.1 .
2. Bietsch K, Williamson J, Reeves M. Family planning during and after the West African Ebola crisis. Stud Fam Plann. 2020; 51:71–86.
Article
3. Campbell AM. An increasing risk of family violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: strengthening community collaborations to save lives. Forensic Science International: Reports. 2020; 2:100089.
Article
4. Cohen MA, Powell AM, Coleman JS, Keller JM, Livingston A, Anderson JR. Special ambulatory gynecologic considerations in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and implications for future practice. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 223:372–8.
5. Hanff TC, Mohareb AM, Giri J, Cohen JB, Chirinos JA. Thrombosis in COVID-19. Am J Hematol. 2020; 95:1578–89.
6. Middeldorp S, Coppens M, van Haaps TF, Foppen M, Vlaar AP, Müller MCA, et al. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost. 2020; 18:1995–2002.
Article
7. Tom S. Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) following Janssen COVID-19 vaccine [Internet]. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;c2021. [cited 2021 Oct 10]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/downloads/slides-2021-04-23/03-COVID-Shimabukuro-508.pdf .
8. European Medicines Agency. VAXZEVRIA/COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca: link between the vaccine and the occurrence of thrombosis in combination with thrombocytopenia [Internet]. Amsterdam (NL): European Medicines Agency;c2021. [cited 2021 Oct 10]. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/dhpc/directhealthcare-professional-communication-dhpc-vaxzevria-previously-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca_en-0.pdf .
9. American Society of Reproductive Medicine. Patient management and clinical recommendations during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic [Internet]. Birmingham (AL): ASRM;c2020. [cited 2021 Oct 10]. Available from: https://www.asrm.org/globalassets/asrm/asrm-content/news-and-publications/covid-19/covidtaskforce.pdf .
10. European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. Coronavirus COVID-19: ESHRE statement on pregnancy and conception [Internet]. Strombeek-Bever (BE): ESHRE;c2021. [cited 2021 Oct 10]. Available from: https://www.eshre.eu/Europe/Position-statements/COVID19 .
11. Lambalk C, van Wely M, Kirkegaard K, Williams A, de Geyter CJHR. Safety first-assisted human reproduction second. Human Reproduction. 2020; 35:741–2.
12. Stanley KE, Thomas E, Leaver M, Wells D. Coronavirus disease-19 and fertility: viral host entry protein expression in male and female reproductive tissues. Fertil Steril. 2020; 114:33–43.
Article
13. Gonzalez DC, Khodamoradi K, Pai R, Guarch K, Connelly ZM, Ibrahim E, et al. A systematic review on the investigation of SARS-CoV-2 in Semen. Res Rep Urol. 2020; 12:615–21.
14. Kotlyar AM, Grechukhina O, Chen A, Popkhadze S, Grimshaw A, Tal O, et al. Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021; 224:35–53e3.
Article
15. Veiga A, Gianaroli L, Ory S, Horton M, Feinberg E, Penzias A. Assisted reproduction and COVID-19: a joint statement of ASRM, ESHRE, and IFFS. Fertil Steril. 2020; 114:484–5.
Article
16. World Health Organization. Report of a WHO technical consultation on birth spacing [Internet]. Geneva (CH): World Health Organization;c2021. [cited 2021 Oct 10]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/69855/?sequence=1 .
17. Makins A, Arulkumaran S; FIGO Contraception and Family Planning Committee. The negative impact of COVID-19 on contraception and sexual and reproductive health: could immediate postpartum LARCs be the solution? Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2020; 150:141–3.
Article
18. Curtis KM, Tepper NK, Jatlaoui TC, Berry-Bibee E, Horton LG, Zapata LB, et al. U.S. medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive USE, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016; 65:1–103.
Article
19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ensuring access to family planning Services during COVID-19: a summary of CDC’s family planning recommendations for healthcare providers [Internet]. Atlanta (GA): CDC;c2020. [cited 2021 Sep 15]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/pdf/FP-and-Covid-19-Fact-Sheet_Final.pdf .
20. van Hylckama Vlieg A, Helmerhorst FM, Vandenbroucke JP, Doggen CJ, Rosendaal FR. The venous thrombotic risk of oral contraceptives, effects of oestrogen dose and progestogen type: results of the MEGA case-control study. BMJ. 2009; 339:b2921.
Article
21. Sidney S, Cheetham TC, Connell FA, Ouellet-Hellstrom R, Graham DJ, Davis D, et al. Recent combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) and the risk of thromboembolism and other cardiovascular events in new users. Contraception. 2013; 87:93–100.
Article
22. Dinger J, Möhner S, Heinemann K. Cardiovascular risks associated with the use of drospirenone-containing combined oral contraceptives. Contraception. 2016; 93:378–85.
Article
23. Lidegaard Ø, Løkkegaard E, Jensen A, Skovlund CW, Keiding N. Thrombotic stroke and myocardial infarction with hormonal contraception. N Engl J Med. 2012; 366:2257–66.
Article
24. Lidegaard Ø, Edström B, Kreiner S. Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolism: a five-year national case-control study. Contraception. 2002; 65:187–96.
Article
25. Dinger JC, Bardenheuer K, Assmann A. International active surveillance study of women taking oral contraceptives (INAS-OC Study). BMC Med Res Methodol. 2009; 9:77.
Article
26. Heinemann LA, Dinger JC. Range of published estimates of venous thromboembolism incidence in young women. Contraception. 2007; 75:328–36.
Article
27. Servante J, Swallow G, Thornton JG, Myers B, Munireddy S, Malinowski AK, et al. Haemostatic and thromboembolic complications in pregnant women with COVID-19: a systematic review and critical analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021; 21:108.
Article
28. Rabinovich A, Abdul-Kadir R, Thachil J, Iba T, Othman M, Erez O. DIC in obstetrics: diagnostic score, highlights in management, and international registry-communication from the DIC and Women’s Health SSCs of the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. J Thromb Haemost. 2019; 17:1562–6.
Article
29. International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. FIGO committee on contraception and family planning statement on COVID-19 and pregnancy [Internet]. London (UK): FIGO;c2021. [cited 2021 Oct 10]. Available from: https://www.figo.org/covid-19-contraception-family-planning .
30. Klok FA, Kruip MJHA, van der Meer NJM, Arbous MS, Gommers DAMPJ, Kant KM, et al. Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Thromb Res. 2020; 191:145–7.
Article
31. Oxley TJ, Mocco J, Majidi S, Kellner CP, Shoirah H, Singh IP, et al. Large-vessel stroke as a presenting feature of COVID-19 in the young. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382:e60.
Article
32. Ramírez I, De la Viuda E, Baquedano L, Coronado P, Llaneza P, Mendoza N, et al. Managing thromboembolic risk with menopausal hormone therapy and hormonal contraception in the COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations from the Spanish Menopause Society, Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia and Sociedad Española de trombosis y hemostasia. Maturitas. 2020; 137:57–62.
Article
33. Cagnacci A, Bonaccorsi G, Gambacciani M; board of the Italian Menopause Society. Reflections and recommendations on the COVID-19 pandemic: should hormone therapy be discontinued? Maturitas. 2020; 138:76–7.
Article
34. Seeland U, Coluzzi F, Simmaco M, Mura C, Bourne PE, Heiland M, et al. Evidence for treatment with estradiol for women with SARS-CoV-2 infection. BMC Med. 2020; 18:369.
Article
35. Lee JH, Kim YC, Cho SH, Lee J, You SC, Song YG, et al. Effect of sex hormones on coronavirus disease 2019: an analysis of 5,061 laboratory-confirmed cases in South Korea. Menopause. 2020; 27:1376–81.
Article
36. Mauvais-Jarvis F, Klein SL, Levin ER. Estradiol, progesterone, immunomodulation, and COVID-19 outcomes. Endocrinology. 2020; 161:bqaa127.
Article
37. Stelzig KE, Canepa-Escaro F, Schiliro M, Berdnikovs S, Prakash YS, Chiarella SE. Estrogen regulates the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in differentiated airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2020; 318:L1280–1.
Article
38. Lippi G, Favaloro EJ. D-dimer is associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a pooled analysis. Thromb Haemost. 2020; 120:876–8.
Article
39. Tepper NK, Whiteman MK, Marchbanks PA, James AH, Curtis KM. Progestin-only contraception and thromboembolism: a systematic review. Contraception. 2016; 94:678–700.
Article
40. Lidegaard O, Nielsen LH, Skovlund CW, Løkkegaard E. Venous thrombosis in users of non-oral hormonal contraception: follow-up study, Denmark 2001–10. BMJ. 2012; 344:e2990.
Article
41. Greinacher A, Thiele T, Warkentin TE, Weisser K, Kyrle PA, Eichinger S. Thrombotic thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2021; 384:2092–101.
Article
42. Muir KL, Kallam A, Koepsell SA, Gundabolu K. Thrombotic thrombocytopenia after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2021; 384:1964–5.
Article
43. Cushman M. Epidemiology and risk factors for venous thrombosis. Semin Hematol. 2007; 44:62–9.
Article
44. Bonnar J. Coagulation effects of oral contraception. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987; 157(4 Pt 2):1042–8.
Article
45. Oldenburg J, Klamroth R, Langer F, Albisetti M, von Auer C, Ay C, et al. Diagnosis and management of vaccine-related thrombosis following AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccination: guidance statement from the GTH. Hamostaseologie. 2021; 41:184–9.
Article
46. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccination in pregnant women [Internet]. Osong (KR): Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;c2021. [cited 2021 Oct 10]. Available from: http://kdca.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a20501010000&bid=0015&act=view&list_no=717155 .
47. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID-19 vaccines while pregnant or breastfeeding [Internet]. Atlanta (GA): CDC;c2021. [cited 2021 Oct 11]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations/pregnancy.html .
48. World Health Organization. Update on WHO interim recommendations on COVID-19 vaccination of pregnant and lactating women [Internet]. Geneva (CH): World Health Organization;c2021. [cited 2021 Oct 10]. Available from: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/2021-dha-docs/update-on-who-interim-recommendations-on-c-19-vaccination-for-pregnant-and-lactating-women-70-.pdf .
Full Text Links
  • OGS
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr