Ann Surg Treat Res.  2022 Jan;102(1):55-63. 10.4174/astr.2022.102.1.55.

Hepatocellular carcinoma and cancer-related mortality after kidney transplantation with rituximab treatment

• Lee H
• Kim YH
• Lim SJ
• Ko Y
• Shin S
• Jung JH
• Baek C
• Kim H
• Park SK
• Kwon H

• KMID: 2523770
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4174/astr.2022.102.1.55

Abstract

Purpose
There are increased therapeutic usages of rituximab in kidney transplantation (KT). However, few studies have evaluated the effect of rituximab on cancer development following KT. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of rituximab on the cancer occurrence and mortality rate according to each type of cancer.
Methods
Five thousand consecutive recipients who underwent KT at our center were divided into era1 (1990–2007) and era2-rit– (2008–2018), and era2-rit+ (2008–2018) groups. The era2-rit+ group included patients who received single-dose rituximab (200–500 mg) as a desensitization treatment 1–2 weeks before KT.
Results
The 5-year incidence rates of malignant tumors after KT were 3.1%, 4.3%, and 3.5% in the era1, era2-rit–, and era2-rit+ group, respectively. The overall incidence rate of cancer after transplantation among the 3 study groups showed no significant difference (P = 0.340). The overall cancer-related mortality rate was 17.1% (53 of 310). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) had the highest mortality rate (61.5%) and relative risk of cancer-related death (hazard ratio, 8.29; 95% confidence interval, 2.40–28.69; P = 0.001). However, we found no significant association between rituximab and the incidence of any malignancy.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that single-dose rituximab for desensitization may not increase the risk of malignant disease or cancer-related mortality in KT recipients. HCC was associated with the highest risk of cancer-related mortality in an endemic area of HBV infection.

Keyword

Hepatitis B virus; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Kidney transplantation; Neoplasms; Rituximab

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Incidence of cancer (ca.) after kidney transplantation. BP, biliary-pancreatic.

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  Fig. 2 Time to cancer (ca.) development after kidney transplantation. BP, biliary-pancreatic.

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  Fig. 3 Incidence rates of malignant tumors after kidney transplantation.

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