J Prev Med Public Health.
2021 May;54(3):166-172. 10.3961/jpmph.21.069.
Introduction to Mediation Analysis and Examples of Its Application to Real-world Data
- Jung SJ
1,2
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 2Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- KMID: 2516398
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.069
Abstract
- Traditional epidemiological assessments, which mainly focused on evaluating the statistical association between two major components-the exposure and outcome-have recently evolved to ascertain the in-between process, which can explain the underlying causal pathway. Mediation analysis has emerged as a compelling method to disentangle the complex nature of these pathways. The statistical method of mediation analysis has evolved from simple regression analysis to causal mediation analysis, and each amendment refined the underlying mathematical theory and required assumptions. This short guide will introduce the basic statistical framework and assumptions of both traditional and modern mediation analyses, providing examples conducted with real-world data.
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