Restor Dent Endod.  2020 Aug;45(3):e37. 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e37.

Comparison of the cyclic fatigue resistance of VDW.ROTATE, TruNatomy, 2Shape, and HyFlex CM nickel-titanium rotary files at body temperature

• Gündoğar M
• Uslu G
• Özyürek T
• Plotino G

• KMID: 2512028
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e37

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of VDW.ROTATE, TruNatomy, 2Shape, and HyFlex CM nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files at body temperature.
Materials and Methods
In total, 80 VDW.ROTATE (25/0.04), TruNatomy (26/0.04), 2Shape (25/0.04), and HyFlex CM (25/0.04) NiTi rotary files (n = 20 in each group) were subjected to static cyclic fatigue testing at body temperature (37°C) in stainless-steel artificial canals prepared according to the size and taper of the instruments until fracture occurred. The number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was calculated, and the lengths of the fractured fragments were measured. The data were statistically analyzed using a 1-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tamhane tests at the 5% significance level (p < 0.05).
Results
There were significant differences in the cyclic fatigue resistance among the groups (p < 0.05), with the highest to lowest NCF values of the files as follows: VDW.ROTATE, HyFlex CM, 2Shape, and TruNatomy. There was no significant difference in the lengths of the fractured fragments among the groups. The scanning electron microscope images of the files revealed typical characteristics of fracture due to cyclic fatigue.
Conclusions
The VDW.ROTATE files had the highest cyclic fatigue resistance, and the TruNatomy and 2Shape files had the lowest cyclic fatigue resistance in artificial canals at body temperature.

Keyword

Body temperature; Cyclic fatigue; Endodontics; Liquid ambient; NiTi instruments

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the tested file's fractured surface. Representative scanning electron microscopic images of the fractured surfaces of the separated instruments after the cyclic fatigue tests. (A, E) VDW.ROTATE, (B, F) TruNatomy, (C, G) 2Shape, (D, H) HyFlex CM. SEM in the left column (magnified ×180 to ×300) shows a cross-section of the fractured instrument. The arrows indicate the crack initiation area and ductile dimpled area outlined with the dotted line indicate overload fast fracture zone. SEM in the right column area (magnified ×3K) shows fatigue striations and fibrous dimples.

Reference

1. Clark D, Khademi J. Modern molar endodontic access and directed dentin conservation. Dent Clin North Am. 2010; 54:249–273. PMID: 20433977.

2. Plotino G, Grande NM, Isufi A, Ioppolo P, Pedullà E, Bedini R, Gambarini G, Testarelli L. Fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth with different access cavity designs. J Endod. 2017; 43:995–1000. PMID: 28416305.

3. Plotino G, Özyürek T, Grande NM, Gündoğar M. Influence of size and taper of basic root canal preparation on root canal cleanliness: a scanning electron microscopy study. Int Endod J. 2019; 52:343–351. PMID: 30129186.

4. Filizola de Oliveira DJ, Leoni GB, da Silva Goulart R, Sousa-Neto MD, Silva Sousa YTC, Silva RG. Changes in geometry and transportation of root canals with severe curvature prepared by different heat-treated nickel-titanium instruments: a micro-computed tomographic study. J Endod. 2019; 45:768–773. PMID: 30954280.

5. Lang H, Korkmaz Y, Schneider K, Raab WH. Impact of endodontic treatments on the rigidity of the root. J Dent Res. 2006; 85:364–368. PMID: 16567560.

6. Sabeti M, Kazem M, Dianat O, Bahrololumi N, Beglou A, Rahimipour K, Dehnavi F. Impact of access cavity design and root canal taper on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth: an ex vivo investigation. J Endod. 2018; 44:1402–1406. PMID: 30049471.

7. VDW GmbH. ROTATE Brochure [Internet]. Munich: VDW GmbH;c2019. updated 2019 Feb 21. cited 2019 May 22. Available from: https://www.vdw-dental.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Sortiment/Aufbereitung/Rotierende-Aufbereitung/ROTATE/VDW-Dental-ROTATE-Product-Brochure-EN.pdf.

8. Dentsply Sirona. TruNatomy Brochure [Internet]. Johnson (TN): Dentsply Sirona;c2019. updated 2019 Sep 18. cited 2019 May 22. Available from: https://www.dentsplysirona.com/en/explore/endodontics/trunatomy.html.

9. Uslu G, Özyürek T, Yılmaz K, Gündoğar M. Cyclic fatigue resistance of R-Pilot, HyFlex EDM and PathFile nickel-titanium glide path files in artificial canals with double (S-shaped) curvature. Int Endod J. 2018; 51:584–589. PMID: 28856692.

10. Özyürek T, Uslu G, Gündoğar M, Yılmaz K, Grande NM, Plotino G. Comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance and bending properties of two reciprocating nickel-titanium glide path files. Int Endod J. 2018; 51:1047–1052. PMID: 29478247.

11. Huang X, Shen Y, Wei X, Haapasalo M. Fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium instruments exposed to high-concentration hypochlorite. J Endod. 2017; 43:1847–1851. PMID: 28951027.

12. Plotino G, Grande NM, Mazza C, Petrovic R, Testarelli L, Gambarini G. Influence of size and taper of artificial canals on the trajectory of NiTi rotary instruments in cyclic fatigue studies. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010; 109:e60–e66.

13. Plotino G, Grande NM, Testarelli L, Gambarini G. Cyclic fatigue of Reciproc and WaveOne reciprocating instruments. Int Endod J. 2012; 45:614–618. PMID: 22268461.

14. Shen Y, Zhou HM, Zheng YF, Campbell L, Peng B, Haapasalo M. Metallurgical characterization of controlled memory wire nickel-titanium rotary instruments. J Endod. 2011; 37:1566–1571. PMID: 22000465.

15. de Vasconcelos RA, Murphy S, Carvalho CA, Govindjee RG, Govindjee S, Peters OA. Evidence for reduced fatigue resistance of contemporary rotary instruments exposed to body temperature. J Endod. 2016; 42:782–787. PMID: 26993574.

16. Plotino G, Grande NM, Mercadé Bellido M, Testarelli L, Gambarini G. Influence of temperature on cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Gold and ProTaper Universal rotary files. J Endod. 2017; 43:200–202. PMID: 27989581.

17. Alfawaz H, Alqedairi A, Alsharekh H, Almuzaini E, Alzahrani S, Jamleh A. Effects of sodium hypochlorite concentration and temperature on the cyclic fatigue resistance of heat-treated nickel-titanium rotary instruments. J Endod. 2018; 44:1563–1566. PMID: 30154007.

18. Klymus ME, Alcalde MP, Vivan RR, Só MV, de Vasconselos BC, Duarte MA. Effect of temperature on the cyclic fatigue resistance of thermally treated reciprocating instruments. Clin Oral Investig. 2019; 23:3047–3052.

19. Plotino G, Grande NM, Cordaro M, Testarelli L, Gambarini G. A review of cyclic fatigue testing of nickel-titanium rotary instruments. J Endod. 2009; 35:1469–1476. PMID: 19840633.

20. Wan J, Rasimick BJ, Musikant BL, Deutsch AS. A comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance in reciprocating and rotary nickel-titanium instruments. Aust Endod J. 2011; 37:122–127. PMID: 22117719.

21. Keleş A, Eymirli A, Uyanık O, Nagas E. Influence of static and dynamic cyclic fatigue tests on the lifespan of four reciprocating systems at different temperatures. Int Endod J. 2019; 52:880–886. PMID: 30656704.

22. Gambarini G, Grande NM, Plotino G, Somma F, Garala M, De Luca M, Testarelli L. Fatigue resistance of engine-driven rotary nickel-titanium instruments produced by new manufacturing methods. J Endod. 2008; 34:1003–1005. PMID: 18634935.

23. Gambarini G, Plotino G, Grande NM, Al-Sudani D, De Luca M, Testarelli L. Mechanical properties of nickel-titanium rotary instruments produced with a new manufacturing technique. Int Endod J. 2011; 44:337–341. PMID: 21219362.

24. Tripi TR, Bonaccorso A, Condorelli GG. Cyclic fatigue of different nickel-titanium endodontic rotary instruments. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006; 102:e106–e114. PMID: 16997084.

25. Grande NM, Plotino G, Pecci R, Bedini R, Malagnino VA, Somma F. Cyclic fatigue resistance and three-dimensional analysis of instruments from two nickel-titanium rotary systems. Int Endod J. 2006; 39:755–763. PMID: 16948660.

26. Cheung GS, Zhang EW, Zheng YF. A numerical method for predicting the bending fatigue life of NiTi and stainless steel root canal instruments. Int Endod J. 2011; 44:357–361. PMID: 21219364.

27. Plotino G, Grande NM, Melo MC, Bahia MG, Testarelli L, Gambarini G. Cyclic fatigue of NiTi rotary instruments in a simulated apical abrupt curvature. Int Endod J. 2010; 43:226–230. PMID: 20158534.

28. Kaval ME, Capar ID, Ertas H, Sen BH. Comparative evaluation of cyclic fatigue resistance of four different nickel-titanium rotary files with different cross-sectional designs and alloy properties. Clin Oral Investig. 2017; 21:1527–1530.

29. Staffoli S, Grande NM, Plotino G, Özyürek T, Gündoğar M, Fortunato L, Polimeni A. Influence of environmental temperature, heat-treatment and design on the cyclic fatigue resistance of three generations of a single-file nickel-titanium rotary instrument. Odontology. 2019; 107:301–307. PMID: 30483996.

30. Lopes HP, Elias CN, Vieira MV, Siqueira JF Jr, Mangelli M, Lopes WS, Vieira VT, Alves FR, Oliveira JC, Soares TG. Fatigue life of Reciproc and Mtwo instruments subjected to static and dynamic tests. J Endod. 2013; 39:693–696. PMID: 23611393.

31. Özyürek T, Gündoğar M, Uslu G, Yılmaz K, Staffoli S, Nm G, Plotino G, Polimeni A. Cyclic fatigue resistances of Hyflex EDM, WaveOne gold, Reciproc blue and 2shape NiTi rotary files in different artificial canals. Odontology. 2018; 106:408–413. PMID: 29383604.

32. Capar ID, Kaval ME, Ertas H, Sen BH. Comparison of the cyclic fatigue resistance of 5 different rotary pathfinding instruments made of conventional nickel-titanium wire, M-wire, and controlled memory wire. J Endod. 2015; 41:535–538. PMID: 25510316.

33. Pedullà E, Lizio A, Scibilia M, Grande NM, Plotino G, Boninelli S, Rapisarda E, Lo Giudice G. Cyclic fatigue resistance of two nickel-titanium rotary instruments in interrupted rotation. Int Endod J. 2017; 50:194–201. PMID: 26786274.