Investig Magn Reson Imaging.  2019 Mar;23(1):1-16. 10.13104/imri.2019.23.1.1.

Advanced Methods in Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Arterial Phase Imaging of the Liver

• Kim YC

• KMID: 2442228
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.13104/imri.2019.23.1.1

Abstract

Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays an important role in non-invasive detection and characterization of primary and metastatic lesions in the liver. Recently, efforts have been made to improve spatial and temporal resolution of DCE liver MRI for arterial phase imaging. Review of recent publications related to arterial phase imaging of the liver indicates that there exist primarily two approaches: breath-hold and free-breathing. For breath-hold imaging, acquiring multiple arterial phase images in a breath-hold is the preferred approach over conventional single-phase imaging. For free-breathing imaging, a combination of three-dimensional (3D) stack-of-stars golden-angle sampling and compressed sensing parallel imaging reconstruction is one of emerging techniques. Self-gating can be used to decrease respiratory motion artifact. This article introduces recent MRI technologies relevant to hepatic arterial phase imaging, including differential subsampling with Cartesian ordering (DISCO), golden-angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP), and X-D GRASP. This article also describes techniques related to dynamic 3D image reconstruction of the liver from golden-angle stack-of-stars data.

Keyword

Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI; Liver; Image reconstruction; Pulse sequence; Compressed sensing; GRASP

MeSH Terms

Artifacts
Hand Strength
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Liver*
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Methods*