J Prev Med Public Health.  2019 Jan;52(1):1-13. 10.3961/jpmph.18.149.

High Temperatures and Kidney Disease Morbidity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ychong1@snu.ac.kr
  • 2Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
  • 3Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Abstract


OBJECTIVES
In recent years, serious concerns have been raised regarding the impacts of rising temperatures on health. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between elevated temperatures and kidney disease through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
In October 2017, 2 researchers independently searched related studies in PubMed and Embase. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model, including only studies that presented odds ratios, relative risks, or percentage changes, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The characteristics of each study were summarized, and the Egger test and funnel plots were used to evaluate publication bias.
RESULTS
Eleven studies that met the criteria were included in the final analysis. The pooled results suggest an increase of 30% (95% CI, 20 to 40) in kidney disease morbidity with high temperatures. In a disease-specific subgroup analysis, statistically significant results were observed for both renal colic or kidney stones and other renal diseases. In a study design-specific subgroup analysis, statistically significant results were observed in both time-series analyses and studies with other designs. In a temperature measure-specific subgroup analysis, significant results were likewise found for both studies using mean temperature measurements and studies measuring heat waves or heat stress.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that morbidity due to kidney disease increases at high temperatures. We also found significant results in subgroup analyses. However, further time-series analyses are needed to obtain more generalizable evidence.

Keyword

High temperature; Kidney diseases; Systematic review; Meta-analysis

MeSH Terms

Hot Temperature
Infrared Rays
Kidney Calculi
Kidney Diseases*
Kidney*
Odds Ratio
Publication Bias
Renal Colic
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