J Korean Acad Nurs.  2009 Feb;39(1):145-156.

Development and Evaluation of a School-based Anger Management Program (SAMP) for Adolescents

• Park YJ
• Ryu HS
• Han KS
• Kwon JH
• Kim HK
• Cho YJ
• Kang HC
• Cheon SH
• Yoon JW

Abstract

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop a school-based anger management program (SAMP) of 4 sessions and examine its effects on the anger, anger expression, psychosomatic responses, psychosocial responses, and immunologic responses in adolescents.
METHODS
A quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent control group, pre-post design with repeated measures was used. Chi-square test, t-test, paired t-test, and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
There were no differences between the experimental and control groups in outcome variables except for lymphocytes. However, following additional analyses, statistically significant differences by time point were observed for pain sensitivity, T cell, Helper T (Th) cell, Suppressor (Ts) cell and Natural Killer (NK) cell post-treatment, entrapment and psychosomatic symptoms at the 4-week follow-up, and resilience at the 10-week follow-up for the experimental group.
CONCLUSION
Although some modifications in contents and administration will be required to increase the effectiveness of the program for anger management, SAMP can be used to promote anger management ability in adolescents.

Keyword

Anger; Adolescent; School

MeSH Terms

Adaptation, Psychological
Adolescent
*Adolescent Psychology
*Anger
B-Lymphocytes/immunology
Depression
Expressed Emotion
Female
Humans
Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
Male
Program Development
Program Evaluation
Psychometrics
Questionnaires
T-Lymphocytes/immunology

Figure

• 

  Figure 1. Research design.

Reference

Adelson J.., Doehrman M. J.1980. The psychodynamic approach to adolescence. Adelson J., editorHandbook of Adolescency psychology. p. 99–116. New York, NY: Wiley.

Beck R.., Fernandedz E.1998. Cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of anger: A meta-analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 22:63–74.

Berk L. S.., Felten D. L.., Tan S. A.., Bittman B. B.., Westengard J.2001. Modulation of neuroimmune parameters during the eustress of humor-associated mirthful laughter. Alternative Therapies in Health & Medicine. 7:62–76.

Boergers J.., Spirito A.., Donaldson D.1998. Reasons for adolescent suicide attempts: Associations with psychological functioning. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 37:1287–1293.

Bruehl S.., Burns J. W.., Chung O. Y.., Ward P.., Johnson B.2002. Anger and pain sensitivity in chronic low back pain patients and pain-free controls: The role of endogenous opioids. Pain. 99:223–233.

Choi C. J.2006. The effects of meditation programs in the reduction of school life maladjustment and anger of junior high school students. Unpublished master’s thesis. Chungang University;Seoul:

Chon K. K.., Hahn D. U.., Lee J. O.., Spielberg C. D.1997. Korean adaptation of the state-trait anger expression inventory: anger and blood pressure. Korean Journal of Health Psychology. 2:60–78.

Chon K. K.., Lee M. K.1992. Preliminary development of Korean version of CES-D. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology. 11:65–75.

Crockenberg S. B.1981. Infant irritability, mother responsiveness, and social support influences on the security of infant-moth-erattachment. Child Development. 52:857–865.

Gilbert P.., Allan S.1998. The role of defeat and entrapment (arrested flight) in depression: An exploration of an evolutionary view. Psychological Medicine. 28:585–598.

Gilbert P.., Gilbert J.., Irons C.2004. Life events, entrapments and arrested anger in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 79:149–160.

Hong Y. S.2004. The effects of the stress and psychosocial resources for adolescent suicidal behaviors. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Yonsei University;Seoul:

Ishihara S.., Makita S.., Imai M.., Hashimoto T.., Nohara R.2003. Relationship between natural killer activity and anger expression in patients with coronary heart disease. Heart and Vessels. 18:85–92.

Ju J. Y.2005. The study on the relationship among anger expression mode, depression, and aggression in high school students. Unpublished master’s thesis. Seoul Women’s University;Seoul:

Kadner K. D.1989. Resilience. Responding to adversity. Journal of Psychological Nursing and Mental Health Services. 27(7):20–59.

Kim H. S.., Kim H. S.1999. Development of instrument for measuring personality factor related to juvenile delinquency. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 8:190–201.

Lazarus R. S.., Kranner A. D.., Folkman S.1980. An etiological assessment of emotion. Plutchik R., Kellerman H., editorsEmotion: Theory, research and experience. 1:198–201. New York, NY: Academic Press.

Lutgendorf S. K.., Sood A. K.., Anderson B.., McGinn S.., Maiseri H.., Dao M., et al2005. Social support, psychological distress, and natural killer cell activity in ovarian cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 23:7105–7113.

Na S. I.., Ma S. J.2005. Discriminating variables between vocational high school students and academic high school students. Journal of Agricultural Education and Human Resource Development. 37:61–80.

Park E. S.., Park Y. J.., Ryu H. S.., Han K. S.., Hwang R. I.., Im Y. J., et al2006. A nationwide survey on current conditions of school health education. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 36:381–388.

Park H. S.2004. The effect of emotion expression technique and cognitive relaxation by anger expression. Unpublished master’s thesis. Pusan University;Busan:

Park Y. J.., Baik S. I.., Shin H. J.., Yoon J. W.., Cheon S. H.., Moon S. H.2006. Anger, cardiovascular health and depression in middle-aged Korean men: The mediating effect of social support. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 36:863–871.

Park Y. J.., Han K. S.., Shin H. J.., Kang H. C.., Chun S. H.., Moon S. H., et al2004. Prediction on the negative outcomes of anger in female adolescents. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 34:172–181.

Piko B.2001. Gender differences and similarities in adolescents’ ways of coping. The Psychological Record. 51:223–235.

Seo S. G.2002. Cognitive factors related to anger and their therapeu-ticimplications. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Seoul Nation-alUniversity;Seoul:

Spielberg C. D.1988. Professional manual for the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). Tampa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc..

Suh J. Y.2002. A study on the influence of parental divorce on children’s adaptation: Focusing on resilience. Unpublished master’s thesis. Yonsei University;Seoul:

Suk M. H.2001. Effects of guided imagery on psychological resources and stress responses of adolescents. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Yonsei University;Seoul:

Williams J. E.., Paton C. C.., Siegler I. C.., Eigenbrodt M. L.., Nieto F. J.., Tyroler H. A.2000. Anger proneness coronary heart disease risk: Perspective analysis from the atherosclerosis risk in communities(ARIC) study. Circulation. 101:2034–2039.

Yarcheski A.., Mahon N. E.., Yarcheski T. J.2002. Anger in early adolescent boys and girls with health manifestations. Nursing Research. 51:229–236.