Yonsei Med J.  2019 Jan;60(1):10-21. 10.3349/ymj.2019.60.1.10.

Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis in Korea: A Narrative Review

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea.
  • 2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. sangwonlee@yuhs.ac

Abstract

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of systemic necrotising vasculitides, which often involve small vessels, and which lead to few or no immune deposits in affected organs. According to clinical manifestations and pathological features, AAV is classified into three variants: microscopic polyangiitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and eosinophilic GPA. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria contributed to the classification of AAV, although currently the algorithm suggested by the European Medicines Agency in 2007 and the Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides proposed in 2012 have encouraged physicians to classify AAV patients properly. So far, there have been noticeable advancements in studies on the pathophysiology of AAV and the classification criteria for AAV in Western countries. However, studies analysing clinical features of Korean patients with AAV have only been conducted and reported since 2000. One year-, 5 year-, and 10 year-cumulative patient survival rates are reported as 96.1, 94.8, and 92.8%. Furthermore, initial vasculitis activity, prognostic factor score, age and specific organ-involvement have been found to be associated with either all-cause mortality or poor disease course. The rate of serious infection is 28.6%, and 1 year-, 5 year- and 10 year-cumulative hospitalised infection free survival rates range from 85.1% to 72.7%. The overall standardised incidence ratio of cancer in AAV patients was deemed 1.43 compared to the general Korean population.

Keyword

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; vasculitis; Korea

MeSH Terms

Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic
Classification
Consensus
Cytoplasm*
Eosinophils
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Humans
Incidence
Korea*
Microscopic Polyangiitis
Mortality
Rheumatology
Survival Rate
Vasculitis*
Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Mechanism of ANCA-associated vasculitis. (A) Priming and activation of neutrophils, (B) expression of adhesion molecule on endothelial cells, (C) binding of pathogenic ANCA to ANCA-antigens, (D) interaction between neutrophils and endothelial adhesion molecules, leading to extravasation of neutrophils, (E) production of reactive oxygen radicals and degranulation of neutrophils, (F) a loop of complement activating factors to C5a fragment. N, neutrophil; Ed, endothelium; CD, cluster of differentiation; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; ANCA, antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody; O, oxygen; C, complement; BbP, factor B properdin.


Cited by  1 articles

Modified Body Mass Index at Diagnosis is a Useful Predictor of Mortality in Patients With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitis
Jung Yoon Pyo, Sung Soo Ahn, Jason Jungsik Song, Yong-Beom Park, Sang-Won Lee
J Rheum Dis. 2022;29(3):154-161.    doi: 10.4078/jrd.2022.29.3.154.


Reference

1. Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA, Basu N, Cid MC, Ferrario F, et al. 2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 2013; 65:1–11. PMID: 23045170.
Article
2. Watts R, Lane S, Hanslik T, Hauser T, Hellmich B, Koldingsnes W, et al. Development and validation of a consensus methodology for the classification of the ANCA-associated vasculitides and polyarteritis nodosa for epidemiological studies. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007; 66:222–227. PMID: 16901958.
Article
3. Leavitt RY, Fauci AS, Bloch DA, Michel BA, Hunder GG, Arend WP, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1990; 33:1101–1107. PMID: 2202308.
Article
4. Masi AT, Hunder GG, Lie JT, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Arend WP, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis). Arthritis Rheum. 1990; 33:1094–1100. PMID: 2202307.
Article
5. Park YB, Kim JY, Linton JA, Jung HJ, Lee SK, Shin DH. Clinicopathologic study of Wegener's granulomatosis with special emphasis on early lesions in 10 Korean patients. Yonsei Med J. 2001; 42:46–54. PMID: 11293501.
Article
6. Kim HW, Song YW. ANCA-associated vasculitis: report from Korea. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2013; 17:708–711. PMID: 23292177.
Article
7. Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Hu P, Xiao H. Pathogenesis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated small-vessel vasculitis. Annu Rev Pathol. 2013; 8:139–160. PMID: 23347350.
Article
8. Xu PC, Cui Z, Chen M, Hellmark T, Zhao MH. Comparison of characteristics of natural autoantibodies against myeloperoxidase and anti-myeloperoxidase autoantibodies from patients with microscopic polyangiitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011; 50:1236–1243. PMID: 21372002.
Article
9. Jennette JC, Falk RJ. Pathogenesis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-mediated disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2014; 10:463–473. PMID: 25003769.
Article
10. Free ME, Bunch DO, McGregor JA, Jones BE, Berg EA, Hogan SL, et al. Patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis have defective Treg cell function exacerbated by the presence of a suppression-resistant effector cell population. Arthritis Rheum. 2013; 65:1922–1933. PMID: 23553415.
Article
11. von Borstel A, Sanders JS, Rutgers A, Stegeman CA, Heeringa P, Abdulahad WH. Cellular immune regulation in the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitides. Autoimmun Rev. 2018; 17:413–421. PMID: 29428808.
Article
12. Unizony S, Lim N, Phippard DJ, Carey VJ, Miloslavsky EM, Tchao NK, et al. Peripheral CD5+ B cells in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015; 67:535–544. PMID: 25332071.
Article
13. Jennette JC, Falk RJ. B cell-mediated pathogenesis of ANCA-mediated vasculitis. Semin Immunopathol. 2014; 36:327–338. PMID: 24777746.
Article
14. Nagai M, Hirayama K, Ebihara I, Shimohata H, Kobayashi M, Koyama A. Serum levels of BAFF and APRIL in myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated renal vasculitis: association with disease activity. Nephron Clin Pract. 2011; 118:c339–c345. PMID: 21293157.
Article
15. Chen M, Kallenberg CG. ANCA-associated vasculitides--advances in pathogenesis and treatment. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2010; 6:653–664. PMID: 20924413.
Article
16. Kallenberg CG, Heeringa P, Stegeman CA. Mechanisms of Disease: pathogenesis and treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitides. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2006; 2:661–670. PMID: 17133251.
Article
17. Kallenberg CG, Stegeman CA, Abdulahad WH, Heeringa P. Pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis: new possibilities for intervention. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013; 62:1176–1187. PMID: 23810690.
Article
18. Nakazawa D, Shida H, Tomaru U, Yoshida M, Nishio S, Atsumi T, et al. Enhanced formation and disordered regulation of NETs in myeloperoxidase-ANCA-associated microscopic polyangiitis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014; 25:990–997. PMID: 24385592.
Article
19. Lee KH, Kronbichler A, Park DD, Park Y, Moon H, Kim H, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive review. Autoimmun Rev. 2017; 16:1160–1173. PMID: 28899799.
Article
20. Lightfoot RW Jr, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Hunder GG, Zvaifler NJ, McShane DJ, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of polyarteritis nodosa. Arthritis Rheum. 1990; 33:1088–1093. PMID: 1975174.
Article
21. Park ES, Ahn SS, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Reclassification of polyarteritis nodosa based on the 1990 ACR criteria using the 2007 EMA algorithm modified by the 2012 CHCC definitions. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018; 36(Suppl 111):165–166.
22. Cornec D, Cornec-Le Gall E, Fervenza FC, Specks U. ANCA-associated vasculitis - clinical utility of using ANCA specificity to classify patients. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016; 12:570–579. PMID: 27464484.
Article
23. Millet A, Pederzoli-Ribeil M, Guillevin L, Witko-Sarsat V, Mouthon L. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides: is it time to split up the group? Ann Rheum Dis. 2013; 72:1273–1279. PMID: 23606701.
Article
24. Sokolowska BM, Szczeklik WK, Wludarczyk AA, Kuczia PP, Jakiela BA, Gasior JA, et al. ANCA-positive and ANCA-negative phenotypes of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA): outcome and long-term follow-up of 50 patients from a single Polish center. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2014; 32(3 Suppl 82):S41–S47. PMID: 24854371.
25. Kallenberg CG. Pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis, an update. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2011; 41:224–231. PMID: 21336557.
Article
26. Yoo J, Kim HJ, Ahn SS, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, et al. Clinical and prognostic features of Korean patients with MPO-ANCA, PR3-ANCA and ANCA-negative vasculitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017; 35(Suppl 103):111–118. PMID: 28339364.
27. Yoo J, Kim HJ, Ahn SS, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, et al. The utility of the ACR/EULAR 2017 provisional classification criteria for granulomatosis with polyangiitis in Korean patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018; 36(Suppl 111):85–87. PMID: 29185957.
28. Mukhtyar C, Lee R, Brown D, Carruthers D, Dasgupta B, Dubey S, et al. Modification and validation of the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (version 3). Ann Rheum Dis. 2009; 68:1827–1832. PMID: 19054820.
Article
29. Stone JH, Hoffman GS, Merkel PA, Min YI, Uhlfelder ML, Hellmann DB, et al. A disease-specific activity index for Wegener's granulomatosis: modification of the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score. International Network for the Study of the Systemic Vasculitides (INSSYS). Arthritis Rheum. 2001; 44:912–920. PMID: 11318006.
30. Guillevin L, Pagnoux C, Seror R, Mahr A, Mouthon L, Le Toumelin P. French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG). FVSG) The Five-Factor Score revisited: assessment of prognoses of systemic necrotizing vasculitides based on the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG) cohort. Medicine (Baltimore). 2011; 90:19–27. PMID: 21200183.
31. Exley AR, Bacon PA, Luqmani RA, Kitas GD, Gordon C, Savage CO, et al. Development and initial validation of the Vasculitis Damage Index for the standardized clinical assessment of damage in the systemic vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 1997; 40:371–380. PMID: 9041949.
Article
32. Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) I Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992; 30:473–483. PMID: 1593914.
33. Mukhtyar C, Hellmich B, Jayne D, Flossmann O, Luqmani R. Remission in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated systemic vasculitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006; 24(6 Suppl 43):S-93–S-98.
34. Oh JS, Lee CK, Kim YG, Nah SS, Moon HB, Yoo B. Clinical features and outcomes of microscopic polyangiitis in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2009; 24:269–274. PMID: 19399269.
Article
35. Ahn JK, Hwang JW, Lee J, Jeon CH, Cha HS, Koh EM. Clinical features and outcome of microscopic polyangiitis under a new consensus algorithm of ANCA-associated vasculitides in Korea. Rheumatol Int. 2012; 32:2979–2986. PMID: 21898069.
Article
36. Oh YJ, Ahn SS, Park ES, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, et al. Chest and renal involvements, Birmingham vascular activity score more than 13.5 and five factor score (1996) more than 1 at diagnosis are significant predictors of relapse of microscopic polyangiitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017; 35(Suppl 103):47–54.
37. Flossmann O, Berden A, de Groot K, Hagen C, Harper L, Heijl C, et al. Long-term patient survival in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011; 70:488–494. PMID: 21109517.
Article
38. Lionaki S, Blyth ER, Hogan SL, Hu Y, Senior BA, Jennette CE, et al. Classification of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody vasculitides: the role of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody specificity for myeloperoxidase or proteinase 3 in disease recognition and prognosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2012; 64:3452–3462. PMID: 23023777.
Article
39. Kim HW, Kim JW, Im CH, Shin KC, Lee EY, Lee EB, et al. The clinicopathologic characteristics of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's): a retrospective study of 45 patients in Korea. Mod Rheumatol. 2013; 23:864–871. PMID: 22983617.
Article
40. Yoo J, Kim HJ, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Birmingham vasculitis activity score of more than 9.5 at diagnosis is an independent predictor of refractory disease in granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2017; 20:1593–1605. PMID: 28766857.
Article
41. Kim MY, Sohn KH, Song WJ, Park HW, Cho SH, Min KU, et al. Clinical features and prognostic factors of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Korean J Intern Med. 2014; 29:85–95. PMID: 24574837.
Article
42. Kim DS, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Five factor score of more than 1 is associated with relapse during the first 2 year-follow up in patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2017; 20:1261–1268. PMID: 28261989.
Article
43. Tan JA, Dehghan N, Chen W, Xie H, Esdaile JM, Avina-Zubieta JA. Mortality in ANCA-associated vasculitis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017; 76:1566–1574. PMID: 28468793.
44. Yamagata K, Usui J, Saito C, Yamaguchi N, Hirayama K, Mase K, et al. ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis in Japan: clinical features and prognostic changes. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2012; 16:580–588. PMID: 22350463.
Article
45. Li ZY, Gou SJ, Chen M, Zhao MH. Predictors for outcomes in patients with severe ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis who were dialysis-dependent at presentation: a study of 89 cases in a single Chinese center. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2013; 42:515–521. PMID: 23332902.
Article
46. Lee SW, Yu MY, Baek SH, Ahn SY, Kim S, Na KY, et al. Long-term prognosis of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-negative renal vasculitis: cohort study in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2016; 31:542–546. PMID: 27051237.
Article
47. Mun CH, Yoo J, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. The initial predictors of death in 153 patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis in a single Korean centre. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018; 36(Suppl 111):65–72. PMID: 29465370.
48. Holle JU, Gross WL, Latza U, Nölle B, Ambrosch P, Heller M, et al. Improved outcome in 445 patients with Wegener's granulomatosis in a German vasculitis center over four decades. Arthritis Rheum. 2011; 63:257–266. PMID: 20862686.
Article
49. Cartin-Ceba R, Golbin JM, Keogh KA, Peikert T, Sánchez-Menéndez M, Ytterberg SR, et al. Rituximab for remission induction and maintenance in refractory granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's): ten-year experience at a single center. Arthritis Rheum. 2012; 64:3770–3778. PMID: 22730028.
Article
50. Bligny D, Mahr A, Toumelin PL, Mouthon L, Guillevin L. Predicting mortality in systemic Wegener's granulomatosis: a survival analysis based on 93 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2004; 51:83–91. PMID: 14872460.
Article
51. Charlier C, Henegar C, Launay O, Pagnoux C, Berezné A, Bienvenu B, et al. Risk factors for major infections in Wegener granulomatosis: analysis of 113 patients. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009; 68:658–663. PMID: 18504289.
Article
52. Godeau B, Mainardi JL, Roudot-Thoraval F, Hachulla E, Guillevin L, Huong Du LT, et al. Factors associated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in Wegener's granulomatosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1995; 54:991–994. PMID: 8546533.
Article
53. Charles P, Néel A, Tieulié N, Hot A, Pugnet G, Decaux O, et al. Rituximab for induction and maintenance treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitides: a multicentre retrospective study on 80 patients. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014; 53:532–539. PMID: 24282319.
Article
54. Weidanz F, Day CJ, Hewins P, Savage CO, Harper L. Recurrences and infections during continuous immunosuppressive therapy after beginning dialysis in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007; 50:36–46. PMID: 17591523.
Article
55. Palsson R, Choi HK, Niles JL. Opportunistic infections are preceded by a rapid fall in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) titer in patients with ANCA associated vasculitis. J Rheumatol. 2002; 29:505–510. PMID: 11908563.
56. Yoo J, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Birmingham vasculitis activity and chest manifestation at diagnosis can predict hospitalised infection in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Clin Rheumatol. 2018; 37:2133–2141. PMID: 29557539.
Article
57. Ni J, Qiu LJ, Hu LF, Cen H, Zhang M, Wen PF, et al. Lung, liver, prostate, bladder malignancies risk in systemic lupus erythematosus: evidence from a meta-analysis. Lupus. 2014; 23:284–292. PMID: 24429300.
Article
58. Liang Y, Yang Z, Qin B, Zhong R. Primary Sjogren's syndrome and malignancy risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014; 73:1151–1156. PMID: 23687261.
59. Onishi A, Sugiyama D, Kumagai S, Morinobu A. Cancer incidence in systemic sclerosis: meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies. Arthritis Rheum. 2013; 65:1913–1921. PMID: 23576072.
Article
60. Iaccarino L, Ghirardello A, Bettio S, Zen M, Gatto M, Punzi L, et al. The clinical features, diagnosis and classification of dermatomyositis. J Autoimmun. 2014; 48-49:122–127. PMID: 24467910.
Article
61. Elinav E, Nowarski R, Thaiss CA, Hu B, Jin C, Flavell RA. Inflammation-induced cancer: crosstalk between tumours, immune cells and microorganisms. Nat Rev Cancer. 2013; 13:759–771. PMID: 24154716.
Article
62. Mahr A, Heijl C, Le Guenno G, Faurschou M. ANCA-associated vasculitis and malignancy: current evidence for cause and consequence relationships. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2013; 27:45–56. PMID: 23507056.
Article
63. Hoffman GS, Kerr GS, Leavitt RY, Hallahan CW, Lebovics RS, Travis WD, et al. Wegener granulomatosis: an analysis of 158 patients. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 116:488–498. PMID: 1739240.
Article
64. Knight A, Askling J, Ekbom A. Cancer incidence in a population-based cohort of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Int J Cancer. 2002; 100:82–85. PMID: 12115591.
Article
65. Heijl C, Harper L, Flossmann O, Stücker I, Scott DG, Watts RA, et al. Incidence of malignancy in patients treated for antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis: follow-up data from European Vasculitis Study Group clinical trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011; 70:1415–1421. PMID: 21616914.
Article
66. Faurschou M, Sorensen IJ, Mellemkjaer L, Loft AG, Thomsen BS, Tvede N, et al. Malignancies in Wegener's granulomatosis: incidence and relation to cyclophosphamide therapy in a cohort of 293 patients. J Rheumatol. 2008; 35:100–105. PMID: 17937462.
67. Wester Trejo MAC, Bajema IM, van Daalen EE. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and malignancy. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2018; 30:44–49. PMID: 28957961.
Article
68. Yoo J, Ahn SS, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Cancer development in Korean patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis: a single centre study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018; 36(Suppl 111):73–77.
69. Honda T, Uehara T, Matsumoto G, Arai S, Sugano M. Neutrophil left shift and white blood cell count as markers of bacterial infection. Clin Chim Acta. 2016; 457:46–53. PMID: 27034055.
Article
70. Nigro KG, O'Riordan M, Molloy EJ, Walsh MC, Sandhaus LM. Performance of an automated immature granulocyte count as a predictor of neonatal sepsis. Am J Clin Pathol. 2005; 123:618–624. PMID: 15743752.
Article
71. Nahm CH, Choi JW, Lee J. Delta neutrophil index in automated immature granulocyte counts for assessing disease severity of patients with sepsis. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2008; 38:241–246. PMID: 18715852.
72. Yoo J, Ahn SS, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Delta neutrophil index is associated with vasculitis activity and risk of relapse in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Yonsei Med J. 2018; 59:397–405. PMID: 29611402.
Article
73. Evans TC, Jehle D. The red blood cell distribution width. J Emerg Med. 1991; 9(Suppl 1):71–74. PMID: 1955687.
Article
74. Tecer D, Sezgin M, Kanık A, Çncel NA, Öimen ÖB, Biçer A, et al. Can mean platelet volume and red blood cell distribution width show disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis? Biomark Med. 2016; 10:967–974. PMID: 27564580.
Article
75. Aksoy S¸N, Savas¸ E, Sucu M, Kisacik B, Kul S, Zengin O. Association between red blood cell distribution width and disease activity in patients with Behçet's disease. J Int Med Res. 2015; 43:765–773. PMID: 26359293.
Article
76. Kim HJ, Yoo J, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Red blood cell distribution width can predict vasculitis activity and poor prognosis in ganulomatosis with polyangiitis. Yonsei Med J. 2018; 59:294–302. PMID: 29436199.
77. Leader A, Pereg D, Lishner M. Are platelet volume indices of clinical use? A multidisciplinary review. Ann Med. 2012; 44:805–816. PMID: 22413913.
Article
78. Kisacik B, Tufan A, Kalyoncu U, Karadag O, Akdogan A, Ozturk MA, et al. Mean platelet volume (MPV) as an inflammatory marker in ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine. 2008; 75:291–294. PMID: 18403245.
Article
79. Kim HJ, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Mean platelet volume can estimate the current vasculitis activity of microscopic polyangiitis. Rheumatol Int. 2018; 38:1095–1101. PMID: 29556749.
Article
80. Kim Y, Choi H, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Systemic immune-inflammation index could estimate the cross-sectional high activity and the poor outcomes in immunosuppressive drugnaïve patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Nephrology (Carlton). 2018; 9. 11. [Epub]. Available at: . DOI: 10.1111/nep.13491.
81. Ahn SS, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio at diagnosis can estimate vasculitis activity and poor prognosis in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis: a retrospective study. BMC Nephrol. 2018; 19:187. PMID: 30064369.
Article
82. Park HJ, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio is associated with the current activity of ANCA-associated vasculitis at diagnosis: a retrospective monocentric study. Rheumatol Int. 2018; 38:1865–1871. PMID: 30088046.
Article
83. Ahn SS, Yoo J, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Clinical role of albumin to globulin ratio in microscopic polyangiitis: a retrospective monocentric study. Clin Rheumatol. 2018; 9. 15. [Epub]. Available at: . DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4292-y.
Article
84. Moon JS, Ahn SS, Park YB, Lee SK, Lee SW. C-reactive protein to serum albumin ratio is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Yonsei Med J. 2018; 59:865–871. PMID: 30091320.
Article
85. Charles Jennette J, Xiao H, Hu P. Complement in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Semin Nephrol. 2013; 33:557–564. PMID: 24161040.
Article
86. Choi H, Kim Y, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Low serum complement 3 level is associated with severe ANCA-associated vasculitis at diagnosis. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2018; 8. 23. [Epub]. Availabla at: . DOI: 10.1007/s10157-018-1634-7.
Article
87. Koldingsnes W, Nossent JC. Baseline features and initial treatment as predictors of remission and relapse in Wegener's granulomatosis. J Rheumatol. 2003; 30:80–88. PMID: 12508394.
88. Ahn SS, Park ES, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Echocardiographic features in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis within 3 months before and after diagnosis. Clin Rheumatol. 2017; 36:2751–2759. PMID: 28988280.
89. Berden AE, Ferrario F, Hagen EC, Jayne DR, Jennette JC, Joh K, et al. Histopathologic classification of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010; 21:1628–1636. PMID: 20616173.
Article
90. Geetha D, Seo P. Renal transplantation in the ANCA-associated vasculitides. Am J Transplant. 2007; 7:2657–2662. PMID: 17908271.
Article
91. Mukhtyar C, Flossmann O, Hellmich B, Bacon P, Cid M, Cohen-Tervaert JW, et al. Outcomes from studies of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitis: a systematic review by the European League Against Rheumatism systemic vasculitis task force. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008; 67:1004–1010. PMID: 17911225.
Article
92. Hruskova Z, Geetha D, Tesar V. Renal transplantation in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2015; 30(Suppl 1):i159–i163. PMID: 25324359.
Article
93. Schmitt WH, van der Woude FJ. Organ transplantation in the vasculitides. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2003; 15:22–28. PMID: 12496506.
Article
94. Chaigne B, Guillevin L. Unsolved questions and concerns about treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitides. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016; 34(3 Suppl 97):S121–S128.
95. Park ES, Ahn SS, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Renal outcome of kidney-transplantation in Korean recipients with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018; 36(Suppl 111):115–120.
96. Sun J, Zhang Y, Liu L, Liu G. Diagnostic accuracy of combined tests of anti cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and rheumatoid factor for rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2014; 32:11–21. PMID: 24050751.
97. Mariette X. Lymphomas complicating Sjögren's syndrome and hepatitis C virus infection may share a common pathogenesis: chronic stimulation of rheumatoid factor B cells. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001; 60:1007–1010. PMID: 11602464.
98. Moon JS, Lee DD, Park YB, Lee SW. Rheumatoid factor false positivity in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis not having medical conditions producing rheumatoid factor. Clin Rheumatol. 2018; 37:2771–2779. PMID: 29119480.
Article
99. Reininger L, Berney T, Shibata T, Spertini F, Merino R, Izui S. Cryoglobulinemia induced by a murine IgG3 rheumatoid factor: skin vasculitis and glomerulonephritis arise from distinct pathogenic mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990; 87:10038–10042. PMID: 2263605.
Article
100. Ullman S, Høier-Madsen M, Halberg P, Jans H, Sylvest J. Deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in skin of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Influence of anti-rheumatic treatment. Scand J Rheumatol. 1979; 8:119–123. PMID: 377474.
Article
101. Julian BA, Czerkinsky C, Russell MW, Galla JH, Koopman WJ, Mestecky J, et al. Striking elevation of serum IgA, IgA-containing immune complexes, and IgA rheumatoid factor in clinically silent dermatitis herpetiformis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1987; 10:378–384. PMID: 3674013.
Article
102. Kudou M, Yasuba H, Kobayashi Y, Hamada K, Kita H. Correlation between rheumatoid factor and peripheral eosinophil count in chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. Respirology. 2006; 11:830–832. PMID: 17052317.
Article
103. Yokomori H, Oda M, Kaneko F, Kawachi S, Tanabe M, Yoshimura K, et al. Lymphatic marker podoplanin/D2-40 in human advanced cirrhotic liver--re-evaluations of microlymphatic abnormalities. BMC Gastroenterol. 2010; 10:131. PMID: 21059220.
Article
104. Jiao J, Friedman SL, Aloman C. Hepatic fibrosis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2009; 25:223–229. PMID: 19396960.
Article
105. De Santis M, Crotti C, Selmi C. Liver abnormalities in connective tissue diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2013; 27:543–551. PMID: 24090941.
Article
106. Adler M, Gulbis B, Moreno C, Evrard S, Verset G, Golstein P, et al. The predictive value of FIB-4 versus FibroTest, APRI, FibroIndex and Forns index to noninvasively estimate fibrosis in hepatitis C and nonhepatitis C liver diseases. Hepatology. 2008; 47:762–763. PMID: 18220307.
Article
107. Lee SW, Kim DY, Ahn SH, Park YB, Han KH, Park JY. Subclinical but significant liver fibrosis in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018; 10. 11. [In press].
108. Lee SW, Kim DY, Ahn SH, Park YB, Han KH, Park JY. HBsA-gnegative and anti-HBc-positive in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a retrospective pilot study. Rheumatol Int. 2018; 38:1531–1538. PMID: 29754328.
Article
Full Text Links
  • YMJ
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr