J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc.  2017 Nov;56(4):186-193. 10.4306/jknpa.2017.56.4.186.

The Relationship between Parental Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Characteristics, Executive Function and Parental Emotional Distress

• Lee DI
• Yoon HJ
• Oh SH
• Choi E
• Oh Y
• Kim JH
• Joung YS

• KMID: 2396666
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2017.56.4.186

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disease of high heritability. Parents of children with ADHD have high parenting stress and low parenting efficacy. In this study, we assessed parents' characteristics including inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, executive function, anxiety/depression severity level, child's ADHD symptom severity, and parents' emotional distress level. The relationships between severity of ADHD symptoms in children, cognitive and emotional characteristics in parents, as well as parenting stress and parenting efficacy were evaluated.
METHODS
96 parents participated in the study. Each parent assessed their child's ADHD symptom severity, their own ADHD symptom severity, as well as executive function, depression, anxiety, parenting stress and parenting efficacy. Collected data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS
The mean ADHD Rating Scale score of 53 children was 22.91 (±9.63). Of these, 26 (49.0%) were taking medication. Eight (8.3%) of the 96 parents had psychiatric illnesses and 12 (12.5%) had the possibility of ADHD. Mothers showed significantly higher levels of parenting stress (p < 0.001), depression (p=0.006), and parenting efficacy (p < 0.001) compared with fathers. The children's ADHD symptoms, severity, and parental depression were related to high parenting stress. The ADHD symptoms of parents were associated with high parenting stress (p=0.032). Parental executive function was significantly associated with low parenting efficacy (p=0.015).
CONCLUSION
Children's ADHD symptoms severity, parental depression and ADHD symptom severity were significantly associated with high parenting stress. Parental executive function was significantly associated with low parenting efficacy. In addition to treating the children with ADHD, evaluation and treatment of parents' symptoms is needed in order to reduce parenting stress and provide a stable parenting environment.

Keyword

Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Executive function; Parenting stress; Depression; Parenting efficacy

MeSH Terms

Anxiety
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity*
Child
Depression
Executive Function*
Fathers
Humans
Impulsive Behavior
Mothers
Parenting
Parents*

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