J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol.  2001 Apr;5(1):9-14.

Clinical Observations of 30 Children with Nutcracker Syndrome

• Lee DW
• Juhn JH
• Lee JS
• Kim MJ

Abstract

PURPOSE : This study was undertaken to investigate clinical aspects of nutcracker syndrome in children including sexual distribution, age of onset, the ratio of peak flow velocity between the narrowed and dilated portions in the left renal vein and prevalence of hematuria or proteinuria. MATERIALS AND METHOD : The subjects included 30 patients diagnosed with nutcracker syndrome using Doppler sonography from September 1999 to January 2001 in Severance Hospital, Department of Pediatric Nephrology. The diagnostic criteria for nutcracker syndrome was a peak flow velocity of ratio is more than 5.0.
RESULTS
: Patients consisted of 14 males and 16 females. The mean age was 9.19+/-2.31 years old and the ratio of peak flow velocity was 8.52+/-2.24. Age of onset was higher in males 9.68+/-2.82 year old than in females, 8.76+/-1.72 year old respectively(P<0.05). But there was no difference in the ratio of peak flow velocities ; 8.45+/-2.31 in the male group , 8.58+/-2.25 in the female group(P>0.05). There was no difference in the age of onset and the ratio of peak flow velocity between patients with hematuria and without hematuria. Among patients with nutcracker syndrome, 24 cases of hematuria, 3 cases of proteinuria only, and 3 cases of hematuria with proteinuria.
CONCLUSION
: In children of school age, early diagnosis of nutcracker syndrome and consistent follow up is worthy of consideration, especially in the prevention of sequelae.

Keyword

Nutcracker Syndrome; peak flow velocity

MeSH Terms

Age Distribution
Age of Onset
Child*
Early Diagnosis
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Hematuria
Humans
Male
Nephrology
Prevalence
Proteinuria
Renal Veins