Korean J Orthod.  2012 Jun;42(3):129-137. 10.4041/kjod.2012.42.3.129.

Variations in surface roughness of seven orthodontic archwires: an SEM-profilometry study

• Amini F
• Rakhshan V
• Pousti M
• Rahimi H
• Shariati M
• Aghamohamadi B

• KMID: 2272261
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2012.42.3.129

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness (SR) of 2 types of orthodontic archwires made by 4 different manufacturers.
METHODS
This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 35 specimens of 7 different orthodontic archwires, namely, 1 nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwire each from the manufacturers American Orthodontics, OrthoTechnology, All-Star Orthodontics, and Smart Technology, and 1 stainless steel (SS) archwire each from the manufacturers American Orthodontics, OrthoTechnology, and All-Star Orthodontics. After analyzing the composition of each wire by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, the SR of each wire was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface profilometry. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (alpha < 0.05).
RESULTS
The average SR of NiTi wires manufactured by Smart Technology, American Orthodontics, OrthoTechnology, and All-Star Orthodontics were 1,289 +/- 915 Adegrees, 1,378 +/- 372 Adegrees, 2,444 +/- 369 Adegrees, and 5,242 +/- 2,832 Adegrees, respectively. The average SR of SS wires manufactured by All-Star Orthodontics, OrthoTechnology, and American Orthodontics were 710 +/- 210 Adegrees, 1,831 +/- 1,156 Adegrees, and 4,018 +/- 2,214 Adegrees, respectively. Similar to the results of profilometry, the SEM images showed more defects and cracks on the SS wire made by American Orthodontics and the NiTi wire made by All-Star Orthodontics than others.
CONCLUSIONS
The NiTi wire manufactured by All-Star Orthodontics and the SS wire made by American Orthodontics were the roughest wires.

Keyword

Physical property; Wire; Scanning electron microscopy; Biomaterial science

MeSH Terms

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Orthodontics
Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel

Figure

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  Figure 1 Scanning electron micrographs (× 1,000) of the nickel-titanium wires. A, American Orthodontics; B, OrthoTechnology; C, All-Star Orthodontics; D, Smart Technology. Length of the measuring bar = 0.02 mm.

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  Figure 2 Scanning electron micrographs of the stainless steel wires. A, American Orthodontics; B, OrthoTechnology; C, All-Star Orthodontics. Length of the measuring bar = 0.02 mm.

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  Figure 3 The mean surface roughness of the wires studied (in A°). All-Star, All-Star Orthodontics; Ortho, OrthoTechnology; AO, American Orthodontics; Smart, Smart Technology.

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  Figure 4 Examples of the results of profilometric scan of the nickel-titanium wires. A, Smart Technology; B, American Orthodontics; C, OrthoTechnology; D, All-Star Orthodontics. Data points = 600; R curser = 24 A° at 1,608.26 µm; M curser = 0 A° at 500.00 µm; vertical delta = -24 A°; horizontal delta = 1,108.36 A°.

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  Figure 5 Examples of the results of profilometric scan of the stainless steel wires. A, All-Star Orthodontics; B, OrthoTechnology; C, American Orthodontics. Data points = 600; R curser = 24 A° at 1,608.26 µm; M curser = 0 A° at 500.00 µm; vertical delta = -24 A°; horizontal delta = 1,108.36 A°.

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