J Adv Prosthodont.  2015 Apr;7(2):85-92. 10.4047/jap.2015.7.2.85.

Efficacy of various cleaning solutions on saliva-contaminated zirconia for improved resin bonding

• Kim DH
• Son JS
• Jeong SH
• Kim YK
• Kim KH
• Kwon TY

• KMID: 2118237
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2015.7.2.85

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of cleaning solutions on saliva-contaminated zirconia in comparison to air-abrasion in terms of resin bonding.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
For saliva-contaminated airabraded zirconia, seven cleaning methods)-no contamination (NC), water-spray rinsing (WS), additional airabrasion (AA), and cleaning with four solutions (Ivoclean [IC]; 1.0 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS], 1.0 wt% hydrogen peroxide [HP], and 1.0 wt% sodium hypochlorite [SHC])-were tested. The zirconia surfaces for each group were characterized using various analytical techniques. Three bonded resin (Panavia F 2.0) cylinders (bonding area: 4.5 mm2) were made on one zirconia disk specimen using the Ultradent jig method [four disks (12 cylinders)/group; a total of 28 disks]. After 5,000 thermocycling, all specimens were subjected to a shear bond strength test with a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/minute. The fractured surfaces were observed using an optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM).
RESULTS
Contact angle measurements showed that groups NC, AA, IC, and SHC had hydrophilic surfaces. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed similar elemental distributions between group AA and groups IC and SHC. Groups IC and SHC showed statistically similar bond strengths to groups NC and AA (P>.05), but not groups SDS and HP (P<.05). For groups WS, SDS, and HP, blister-like bubble formations were observed on the surfaces under SEM.
CONCLUSION
Within the limitations of this in vitro study, some of the cleaning solutions (IC or SHC) were effective in removing saliva contamination and enhancing the resin bond strength.

Keyword

Zirconia; Saliva; Cleaning agent; Dental bonding

MeSH Terms

Dental Bonding
Hydrogen Peroxide
Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Saliva
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Sodium Hypochlorite
Hydrogen Peroxide
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Sodium Hypochlorite

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Design of this study. All specimens were water-rinsed and finally air-dried prior to further procedures.

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  Fig. 2 Pearson's correlations between the cosΘa and the contact angle hysteresis (H). r indicates the Pearson's correlation coefficient. AA: air-abrasion; HP: H2O2; IC: Ivoclean; NC: control; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate; SHC: NaOCl; WS: water-spray.

• 

  Fig. 3 Wide-scan XPS spectra for the test groups. AA: air-abrasion; HP: H2O2; IC: Ivoclean; NC: control; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate; SHC: NaOCl; WS: water-spray. Al: aluminum; C: carbon; Cl: chlorine; O: oxygen; P: phosphorus; S: sulfur; Zr: zirconium. The peaks between 600 and 0 eV are shown.

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  Fig. 4 Representative SEM images of zirconia surfaces after debonding (original magnification: 4000×). A: NC (control); B: WS (water-spray); C: AA (air-abrasion); D: IC (Ivoclean); E: SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate); F: HP (H2O2); and G: SHC (NaOCl). For groups WS, SDS, and HP (images B, E, and F), some blister-like bubble formations are indicated by pointers.

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