Clinical Significance of Tumor Size in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Lee, Sang Myung; Kim, Say June; Lee, Kyung Keun; Kim, Dong Goo

Abstract

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the significance of tumor size as a predictor of biological tumor behavior and to get some information to decide on the proper operative modality by assessing the survival rate for HCC patients.
METHODS
Between January 1995 and September 2006, 278 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) underwent liver surgery at our hospital. Of the 278 cases, 176 cases (63.3%) underwent liver resection and 102 cases (36.4%) underwent liver transplantation (LT). All the patients were divided into 4 groups according to their tumor size; <2 cm, 2~5 cm, 5~10 cm and >10 cm. We analyzed the pathologic outcomes, survival rates and the outcome of each operative modality, as related to the tumor size.
RESULTS
The incidence of vascular invasion increased with the tumor size (<2 cm: 4.6%, 2~5 cm: 23.3%, 5~10 cm: 32.6%, > 10 cm: 50.0%)(P<0.005). For the less than 2 cm sized tumor group, the Edmonson-Steiner (E-S) grade III or IV was present in 40.7% of the patients, as compared with 78.9% in the group of patients with a tumor larger than 10 cm (P=0.005). The patients with a larger tumor showed a poorer survival rate. Liver transplantation showed the longer disease free survival compared to liver resection, though there was no significant benefit in the survival rate. Patients with a small sized tumor showed a better outcome when they underwent liver transplantation and patients with a large sized tumor did better when they underwent liver resection.
CONCLUSION
Tumor size can be used as a preoperative predictor of the pathologic outcome when considering that the larger size of tumor the patients had, the more prevalent was vascular invasion, the tumor cell grade was more advanced and the survival rate was poorer. For patients with small sized HCC, liver transplantation can be considered the appropriate treatment modality.