On the surface characteristics and stability of implant treated with anodizing oxidation

Kim, Won Sang; Cho, In Ho

Abstract

PURPOSE: This experiment examined the effects of anodization on commercially pure titanium implant fixtures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The implant fixtures were anodized at three different voltage levels, producing three different levels of oxidation on the surface of the fixure. Implant were divided into four groups according to the level of oxidation. Group 1 consist of the control group of machined surface implants, Group 2 implants were treated by anodizing to 100 voltage, Group 3 implants were treated by anodizing oxidation to 200 voltage Group 4 implants were treated by anodizing oxidation to 350 voltage. Surface morphology was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) and the surface roughness was measured using NanoScan E-1000(R). Implantation of the fixtures were performed using New Zealand white rabbits. Periotest(R) value(PTV), resonance frequency analysis(RFA), and removal torque were measured in 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after implantation.
RESULTS
The results of the study were as follows: 1. Values for the measured surface roughness indicate statistically significant differences in Ra, Rq, and Rt values among group 1, 2, 3, and 4 at the top portion of the thread,(p<0.05) while values at the base of the threads indicated no significant difference in these values. 2. A direct correlation between the forming voltage, and surface roughness and irregularities were observed using scanning electron microscope. 3. No statistically significant differences were found between test groups regarding Periotest(R) values. 4. Analysis of the data produced by RFA, significant differences were found between group 1 and group 4 at 12 weeks after implantation.(p<0.05)
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, no significant differences could be found among test groups up to a certain level of forming voltage threshold, beyond this forming voltage threshold, statistically significant differences occurred as the surface area of the oxide layer increased with the increase in surface porosity, resulting in enhanced bone response and osseointegration.