J Vet Sci.  2008 Jun;9(2):183-191. 10.4142/jvs.2008.9.2.183.

Efficacy of nano-hydroxyapatite prepared by an aqueous solution combustion technique in healing bone defects of goat

• Nandi SK
• Kundu B
• Ghosh SK
• De DK
• Basu D

• KMID: 1106234
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2008.9.2.183

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to evaluate porous hydroxyapatite (HAp), the powder of which was prepared by a novel aqueous solution combustion technique, as a bone substitute in healing bone defects in vivo, as assessed by radiologic and histopathologic methods, oxytetracycline labeling, and angiogenic features in Bengal goat. Bone defects were created in the diaphysis of the radius and either not filled (group I) or filled with a HAp strut (group II). The radiologic study in group II showed the presence of unabsorbed implants which acted as a scaffold for new bone growth across the defect, and the quality of healing of the bone defect was almost indistinguishable from the control group, in which the defect was more or less similar, although the newly formed bony tissue was more organized when HAp was used. Histologic methods showed complete normal ossification with development of Haversian canals and well-defined osteoblasts at the periphery in group II, whereas the control group had moderate fibro-collagenization and an adequate amount of marrow material, fat cells, and blood vessels. An oxytetracycline labeling study showed moderate activity of new bone formation with crossing-over of new bone trabeculae along with the presence of resorption cavities in group II, whereas in the control group, the process of new bone formation was active from both ends and the defect site appeared as a homogenous non-fluoroscent area. Angiograms of the animals in the control group showed uniform angiogenesis in the defect site with establishment of trans-transplant angiogenesis, whereas in group II there was complete trans-transplant shunting of blood vessel communication. Porous HAp ceramic prepared by an aqueous combustion technique promoted bone formation over the defect, confirming their biologic osteoconductive property.

Keyword

angiogenesis; bone healing; goat; hydroxyapatite

MeSH Terms

Angiography/veterinary
Animals
Collagen/*therapeutic use
Durapatite/*therapeutic use
Fractures, Bone/radiography/therapy/*veterinary
Goat Diseases/*therapy
Goats
Osteogenesis/*physiology
Oxytetracycline

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Flow chart for the aqueous solution combustion technique for preparation of the nano-HAp.

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  Fig. 2 (A) Scanning electron micrograph of the porous specimen of HAp before implantation in goats. (B) Histogram of pore size distribution patterns of the HAp specimen.

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  Fig. 3 Radiographs of the control site obtained on day 0, 21, 30, 60, and 90 post-operatively.

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  Fig. 4 Radiographs of the HAp-implanted site obtained on day 0, 21, 30, 60, and 90 post-operatively.

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  Fig. 5 Histologic sections of the control site. (A) The section showed an adequate amount of marrow material, fat cells, and blood vessels, along with a lamellar appearance of bone in the cortical area of the control bone. H&E stain, ×10. (B) The section showed the presence of woven bone at the cortex of the control bone. Woven bone (white arrows), Haversian canal (black arrowhead), Haversian system (white arrowhead), new bone (white arrow with dotted line) and host bone (black arrow). H&E stain, ×45.

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  Fig. 6 Histologic sections of the HAp-implanted bone. (A) The section showed well-developed Haversian canals with defined osteoblasts at the periphery along with the presence of non-absorbed materials. H&E stain, ×10. (B) Histologic section showed well-developed lamellar bone (black arrowhead). Cortical area along with unabsorbed biodegradable material as a refractile crystalloid body (black arrow). New bone (white arrow) and host bone (black arrow with dotted line). H&E stain, ×45.

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  Fig. 7 Photomicrograph showing the presence of homogenous non-fluoroscent area of cancellous bone at the defect site. New bone (arrows) and host bone (arrowheads). ×63.

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  Fig. 8 Photomicrograph on day 90 showing presence of fluorescent osteoid tissue in the interspace of the HAp implant. New bone (arrows) and host bone (arrowhead). ×63.

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  Fig. 9 Angiograph on day 90 showing well-established medullary cavity and uniform capillary network containing radio-dense dye adjacent to the created defect.

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  Fig. 10 Lateral (A) and anteroposterior (B) view of angiography adjacent to the HAp implant.

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