J Vet Sci.  2008 Mar;9(1):25-29. 10.4142/jvs.2008.9.1.25.

Effect of trikatu pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin administered orally in mountain Gaddi goats

• Dama MS
• Varshneya
• Dardi MS
• Katoch VC

• KMID: 1102950
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2008.9.1.25

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics of orally administered pefloxacin were studied to evaluate the bio-enhancing effect of the herbal bio-enhancer, trikatu, in mountain Gaddi goats (n = 6). The findings of the study revealed a decreased plasma concentration (p > 0.05) of pefloxacin following trikatu administration during the absorption phase (10, 15, 20 min post pefloxacin administration). In contrast, the plasma concentrations of pefloxacin were significantly higher at 4, 6, 8 and 12 h (during the elimination phase) of the pefloxacin administration. The findings of the investigation revealed higher values for the area under the curve, the area under the first moment of the plasma drug concentration time curve, the mean residential time, the total duration of pharmacological action and bioavailability. Trikatu treatment, however, significantly reduced the elimination half life (t(1/2beta)) and zero time intercept of the elimination phase. The apparent volume of distribution based on the total area under the plasma drug concentration curve [(Vd((area))] and the apparent volume of distribution based on the zero time plasma concentration intercept of the elimination phase [Vd((B))] were significantly higher in trikatu treated animals indicating a better penetration of the drug. Based on the MIC of 0.8 microgram/ml of pefloxacin, a priming dose of 6.0 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 2.21 mg/kg is required to be administered at 8 h intervals. For practical purposes in goats this would mean a priming dose of 6 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 2 mg/kg given by the oral route, to be repeated at 8 h intervals.

Keyword

goats; oral administration; pefloxacin; pharmacokinetics; trikatu

MeSH Terms

Administration, Oral
Animals
Anti-Bacterial Agents/*administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacokinetics
Biological Availability
Cross-Over Studies
Ginger
Goats/*metabolism
Herb-Drug Interactions
Pefloxacin/*administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacokinetics
Phytotherapy/*veterinary
Piper
Piper nigrum
Plant Extracts/*pharmacology

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Comparative semilogarithmic plot of plasma concentration - time profile of pefloxacin in control and trikatu treated goats following oral administration (20 mg/kg).

Reference

1. Abd El-Aty AM, Goudah A. Some pharmacokinetic parameters of pefloxacin in lactating goats. Vet Res Commun. 2002. 26:553–561.

2. Annamalai AR, Manavalan R. Effects of Trikatu and its individual components and piperine on gastrointestinal tract: Trikatu - A bioavailability enhancer. Indian Drugs. 1989. 27:595–604.

3. Atal CK. A breakthrough in drug bioavailability- a clue from age old wisdom of Ayurveda. Indian Drug Manuf Asso Bull. 1979. 10:483–484.

4. Bennett JV, Brodie JL, Benner EJ, Kirby WM. Simplified, accurate method for antibiotic assay of clinical specimens. Appl Microbiol. 1966. 14:170–177.

5. Gibaldi M, Perrier D. Pharmacokinetics. 1982. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel-Dekker;45–109.

6. Lala LG, D'Mello PM, Naik SR. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies on interaction of "Trikatu" with diclofenac sodium. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004. 91:277–280.

7. Singh M, Varshneya C, Telang RS, Srivastava AK. Alteration of pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline following oral administration of Piper longum in hens. J Vet Sci. 2005. 6:197–200.

8. Malik JK, Rao GS, Ramesh S, Muruganandan S, Tripathi HC, Shukla DC. Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin in goats after intravenous and oral administration. Vet Res Commun. 2002. 26:141–149.

9. Mathur P, Valpandium T, Sengupta S, Gupta SK. Effect of piperine on analgesic activity of Nimesulide: a possible pharmacokinetic interaction. Indian J Pharm. 1998. 30:204.

10. Montay G, Goueffon Y, Roquet F. Absorption, distribution, metabolic fate, and elimination of pefloxacin mesylate in mice, rats, dogs, mon keys, and humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1984. 25:463–472.

11. Notari RE. Biopharmaceutics and clinical pharmacokinetics: an introduction. 1987. 4th ed. New York: Marcel-Dekker;221–270.

12. Reen RK, Wiebel FJ, Singh J. Piperine inhibits aflatoxin B₁ induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in V79 Chinese hamster cells genetically engineered to express rat cytochrome P₄₅₀ 2B1. J Ethnopharmacol. 1997. 58:165–173.

13. Sharma AK, Khosla R, Kela AK, Mehta VL. Fluoroquinolones: Antimicrobial agents of the 90's. Indian J Pharm. 1994. 26:249–261.

14. Snedecor GW, Cochran WG. Statistical Methods. 1967. 6th ed. Ames: Iowa State University Press;59–65.

15. Srivastava AK, Dumka VK, Deol SS. Disposition kinetics and urinary excretion of pefloxacin after intravenous injection in crossbred calves. Vet Res Commun. 2000. 24:189–196.